A YouTube video by Veritasium. I suspect like everybody else took it as a given that it has been measured.
https://youtu.be/pTn6Ewhb27k
https://youtu.be/pTn6Ewhb27k
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samedi 31 octobre 2020
New human “organ” discovered
Saw this being covered in a few places over the last week or so.
I think it’s quite amazing that we can still identify very significant whole glands/organs despite how much we have researched and studied human anatomy for hundreds of years.
It’s even more astonishing in this case when you consider that doctors have known something can happen to patients’ ability to produce saliva after radiation treatment even though they attempt to avoid all the known glands and the glands still produce saliva. Happened to my mother and the explanation given was “we don’t know why this happens in some patients, it’s one of those things”. The reason why they didn’t look for these glands or consider some other glands might be being damaged by radiation was because they’d been taught the locations of “all” the salivary glands in the head.
(You may have seen this reported as a new organ in the mainstream press, before you have a go at the mainstream press, “new organ” is how the lead researcher refers to it in interviews.)
Quote:
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http://www.sci-news.com/medicine/tub...nds-08972.html ...snip... Our body contains a pair of previously overlooked and clinically relevant nasopharyngeal salivary glands, according to new research led by the Netherlands Cancer Institute and the University of Amsterdam ...snip... |
It’s even more astonishing in this case when you consider that doctors have known something can happen to patients’ ability to produce saliva after radiation treatment even though they attempt to avoid all the known glands and the glands still produce saliva. Happened to my mother and the explanation given was “we don’t know why this happens in some patients, it’s one of those things”. The reason why they didn’t look for these glands or consider some other glands might be being damaged by radiation was because they’d been taught the locations of “all” the salivary glands in the head.
(You may have seen this reported as a new organ in the mainstream press, before you have a go at the mainstream press, “new organ” is how the lead researcher refers to it in interviews.)
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vendredi 30 octobre 2020
The economy, technology and the future of work
I was discussing the economy with The Atheist and asked how how it was actually measured. He said:
I was wondering because I think the measurement for the economy needs to change and be more based on how we're all doing, not just rich people playing the share market.
This is all partly related to another thread on funding Universal Basic Income:
"UBI - If robots are taking jobs, their wages can be given to us"
http://www.internationalskeptics.com...d.php?t=345683
I replied to The Atheist:
And so, this thread.
Has the measurement for the economy changed in history, and will it change for the greater good?
Quote:
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Originally Posted by The Atheist (Post 13274685)
The official measures are GDP and unemployment, and they're both going to get a lot worse before they get better.
|
I was wondering because I think the measurement for the economy needs to change and be more based on how we're all doing, not just rich people playing the share market.
This is all partly related to another thread on funding Universal Basic Income:
"UBI - If robots are taking jobs, their wages can be given to us"
http://www.internationalskeptics.com...d.php?t=345683
I replied to The Atheist:
Quote:
|
Originally Posted by Orphia Nay (Post 13274699)
I'd like to know how automated production of goods and services affects "the economy", and if "the economy" is ever going to change its definition because of technology making human employees less necessary.
|
Quote:
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Originally Posted by The Atheist (Post 13274728)
That's probably a subject for a new thread, and I have plenty to say on the subject, so fire away!
|
Has the measurement for the economy changed in history, and will it change for the greater good?
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Chromecast (2020)
I can't justify the ~$50/mo for streaming TV (Google TV, AppleTV etc) but everything else about this newest Chromecast just knocks me out. I have no exposure to any of them before (Firestick etc.) so... anyone else have one?
Though I understand some change in the UI makes it harder for GoogleTV subs. Wouldn't know. But the rest of the UI as a streaming app aggregator is smooth as hell and pretty damn clean. Couldn't be much more pleased, especialy for the price.
One aspect I just discovered is the accuracy of the voice recognition. Only used it a dozen times or so, but its been 100% spot-on perfect. I remember the early 90's and either first gen Dragon Naturally or it's predecessor. I'd call those a step and a half better than the original Apple Newton handwriting recognition... be precise and consistant and it would work. Usually.
This new voice recog, without training, is startling (to me).
Anyway... any and all things streaming dongle. Tell me about 'em.
Though I understand some change in the UI makes it harder for GoogleTV subs. Wouldn't know. But the rest of the UI as a streaming app aggregator is smooth as hell and pretty damn clean. Couldn't be much more pleased, especialy for the price.
One aspect I just discovered is the accuracy of the voice recognition. Only used it a dozen times or so, but its been 100% spot-on perfect. I remember the early 90's and either first gen Dragon Naturally or it's predecessor. I'd call those a step and a half better than the original Apple Newton handwriting recognition... be precise and consistant and it would work. Usually.
This new voice recog, without training, is startling (to me).
Anyway... any and all things streaming dongle. Tell me about 'em.
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Recommendations for eyewitness identification evidence
Wells, G. L., Kovera, M. B., Douglass, A. B., Brewer, N., Meissner, C. A., & Wixted, J. T. (2020). Policy and procedure recommendations for the collection and preservation of eyewitness identification evidence. Law and Human Behavior, 44(1), 3.
This review was recently produced to update previous recommendations for eyewitness identification procedures published in 1998. It makes five additional recommendations to the four originally published.
The paper included a comparison of lab experiments with field study data not available at the time of the previous review. There is a risk that participants in lab studies might make more mistaken identifications because there are no real consequences. The paper compares the percentage of mistaken filler identifications in 6,734 actual lineups conducted by police investigators (23.7%) with those in lab studies (27.9%).
Another point I found interesting was the effect of base rates (prior probability of culprit being present) on the likelihood of mistaken identification of an innocent suspect. This is often neglected because there is a tendency to ignore base rates and wrongly conclude that the probability of a mistaken identification is based on eyewitness accuracy alone (as with ignoring base rates in medical diagnostic tests).
This review was recently produced to update previous recommendations for eyewitness identification procedures published in 1998. It makes five additional recommendations to the four originally published.
The paper included a comparison of lab experiments with field study data not available at the time of the previous review. There is a risk that participants in lab studies might make more mistaken identifications because there are no real consequences. The paper compares the percentage of mistaken filler identifications in 6,734 actual lineups conducted by police investigators (23.7%) with those in lab studies (27.9%).
Another point I found interesting was the effect of base rates (prior probability of culprit being present) on the likelihood of mistaken identification of an innocent suspect. This is often neglected because there is a tendency to ignore base rates and wrongly conclude that the probability of a mistaken identification is based on eyewitness accuracy alone (as with ignoring base rates in medical diagnostic tests).
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How Long Will Biden Last? Full Term? Two?
IMHO it is a foregone conclusion that Trump is out January 20th and Biden is in. But for how long? The entire Democratic establishment must be relieved that covid has turned this into a virtual campaign, where Biden's appearances can be more easily monitored and where he doesn't get into the rhetorical weeds.
But afterwards, when it turns time to govern? Pelosi has suddenly been talking about the 25th Amendment:
It seems to me more likely that she's greasing the skids for Biden's likely removal at some point after the election. Obviously I have no real way of telling how much compos Biden has over his mentis. My dad was fine at that age, but you didn't want him driving after late afternoon or anytime he might be tired. Keep in mind, that Biden will be older on inauguration day than Reagan was the day he left the White House.
BTW, I'm not trying to be snide with the grease the skids comment, or conspiracy minded. It does seem quite reasonable to ask the questions about this. I was more thinking that Pelosi's sudden renewed urgency on this matter indicates that maybe Biden's mental state is deteriorating.
But afterwards, when it turns time to govern? Pelosi has suddenly been talking about the 25th Amendment:
Quote:
|
Democrats say they’re simply setting up a process authorized by the Constitution that should’ve been codified long ago but is especially needed now because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Republicans think Pelosi is continuing the effort she started with impeachment to try to oust President Donald Trump. And others suggest Pelosi is signaling that Trump, who tested positive for COVID-19 last week, is unfit to hold office. |
BTW, I'm not trying to be snide with the grease the skids comment, or conspiracy minded. It does seem quite reasonable to ask the questions about this. I was more thinking that Pelosi's sudden renewed urgency on this matter indicates that maybe Biden's mental state is deteriorating.
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jeudi 29 octobre 2020
NZ Euthanasia Referendum
Votes 65-34% in favour of the Bill, which will become law in 12 months' time.
A crushing victory for decency and human rights over idiot superstition and sky-fairy baloney!
The champagne corks are popping!
A crushing victory for decency and human rights over idiot superstition and sky-fairy baloney!
The champagne corks are popping!
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Microsoft Excel; need help for drop down lists
I've looked at the directions on the Microsoft website and several videos I haven't found anything about this. It's probably more simple than I think.
The way I created this list was Data tab > Data Validation > selected 'List' from Allow and typed out these values.
When I select an item from a drop down list like this, I want a numeric value attached to it; so when iron is selected from this list, I want it to be 7.87 g/cm3 so that I can input into a formula that takes item density.
How can I assign this value to the word "iron"?
The way I created this list was Data tab > Data Validation > selected 'List' from Allow and typed out these values.
When I select an item from a drop down list like this, I want a numeric value attached to it; so when iron is selected from this list, I want it to be 7.87 g/cm3 so that I can input into a formula that takes item density.
How can I assign this value to the word "iron"?
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Man shouting ‘Allahu akbar’ kills three at French church
WP Man shouting ‘Allahu akbar’ kills three at French church, terrorism investigation opened.
Monotheists are the worst. Gimme back the Greeks, please, or use the gods in Battleship Galactica if you have to have gods.
Absolutism... bla bla... sucks male donkey parts.
Monotheists are the worst. Gimme back the Greeks, please, or use the gods in Battleship Galactica if you have to have gods.
Absolutism... bla bla... sucks male donkey parts.
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Edward de Bono and Lateral Thinking
Many years ago I became a believer in lateral thinking, and it killed my creativity by making me insecure about making creative decisions. In order to create, you need to constantly make intuitive decisions guided by your own whims and predilections. Otherwise, if you try very hard to suspend your judgment and explore alternatives, you can kill your intuition in a swamp of arbitrary second-guessing. Trial and error, failing and learning, are better choices than the ideas espoused by de Bono, because at least you don't freeze up. You can work and find yourself as an artist, but you can't navel-gaze the infinity of what's possible and find yourself, because you'll always be on the wrong side of actually doing anything. In short, there's no way to think your way beyond the mistakes you're doomed to make. You have to make the mistakes, and then move on.
What I'm asking for here are sources that I'm sure I've read not too long ago. I read somewhere that de Bono's stuff had never been supported by evidence, and was even debunked as nonsense, but I can't seem to find this now online.
What I'm asking for here are sources that I'm sure I've read not too long ago. I read somewhere that de Bono's stuff had never been supported by evidence, and was even debunked as nonsense, but I can't seem to find this now online.
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Fox News goes totally insane over Covid-19
Fox News talking idiot, Laura Ingraham, has really upset Kiwis after claiming that we are setting up Quarantine Camps and imprisoning anyone that refuses to have a Covid-19 test and that Biden and the Left want to do the same in the US, forcing Americans to give up their freedoms.
The reality is that she is mixing up present day life in New Zealand with Managed Isolation that only for those that are travelling to New Zealand from overseas, or those very few people who have tested positive or are close contacts with those that have. The "Facilities" that Jacinda Arden speaks about are not camps, but rather Government paid for 4-Star Hotels where those in Quarantine are getting treated like any hotel guest would, except for the ability to leave the Hotel until they have completed their 14 days.
We haven't given up any freedoms, other than the freedom to be a jerk and potential spread the disease about the country, and it is this sort of measure that is the exact reason that we do only have 25 deaths.
Once again Fox's talking heads prove how much idiotic and woefully ill-informed they are, and then spread those lies and garbage on to their gullible viewers.
The reality is that she is mixing up present day life in New Zealand with Managed Isolation that only for those that are travelling to New Zealand from overseas, or those very few people who have tested positive or are close contacts with those that have. The "Facilities" that Jacinda Arden speaks about are not camps, but rather Government paid for 4-Star Hotels where those in Quarantine are getting treated like any hotel guest would, except for the ability to leave the Hotel until they have completed their 14 days.
We haven't given up any freedoms, other than the freedom to be a jerk and potential spread the disease about the country, and it is this sort of measure that is the exact reason that we do only have 25 deaths.
Once again Fox's talking heads prove how much idiotic and woefully ill-informed they are, and then spread those lies and garbage on to their gullible viewers.
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mercredi 28 octobre 2020
Socialists in the news (in the U.S.)
I guess my title a bit tongue in cheek, because despite Republicans going around calling Biden a Marxist, I don't really see any socialists getting on the airwaves.
Best we get is some foreign news coverage about Bolivia or the usual countries, but that seems to be it.
If there are some actual socialists getting airtime in the U.S. I'd love to see it.
Best we get is some foreign news coverage about Bolivia or the usual countries, but that seems to be it.
If there are some actual socialists getting airtime in the U.S. I'd love to see it.
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The mystery of human imagination
This is kind of abstract. Maybe it will get firmed up. I raise it now because of a long, relatively coherent dream I had where all kinds of imagery came up. Great dryness of mouth but ice cubes turned to dusty pebbles in my mouth and full water bottles went empty as I picked them up. Masses of undifferentiated, trudging people surrounding me, others moving with great urgency and purpose, but with shifting activities coming from varying directions. Everything IIRC was in black-and-white. I was trying steadily and nearly desperately to escape this hive, but though I knew I was dreaming, I didn't try to wake up. I just decided to roll with it and keep walking. Everything was in the context of walking. I'm prepared to believe all this imagery was already in my brain, but I don't think I could have come up with so much of it in ordinary waking consciousness. When I did wake up I could see how entire novels may seem to arrive fully formed in the human mind.
Mozart didn't laboriously compose; he heard music in his head and turned it into a score. Michelangelo could see a neglected block of marble and grasp exactly what needed to be chipped away to achieve a staggering masterpiece. Isaac Newton was a towering genius of math and science - which fields arise from simply counting and looking. All three men were fervidly religious, but I do realize that in their eras secularism was scarcely an option.
On a more mundane level, the almost intuitive, even instinctive pastime of soccer went from being a game a dog could understand to an incredibly complicated, diverse global culture - almost a religion of its own.
If I knew enough, I could probably argue strongly that all four examples can be explained in terms of human outliers, evolving complexity, cultural imperatives, and on and on. But they all seem to me like near-miracles. So do a lot other phenomena that are much easier (for me) to see as purely human innovation building on previous innovation. Like cooking. We don't really know how that happened, although it's not hard to hypothesize. What's harder for me to understand is why humans tamed fire to begin with - and how a naked ape with no claws, teeth or fur innovated its way to dominating virtually every species on the planet. And how looking for something good to eat became a science and a passion that is evolving to this day - when all we really "need" is a few relatively simple nutrients. Humans are driven to innovate. It's a defining feature. This may be all of a qualitative piece with every other life form, but it sure looks different. (And why life, anyway? Was the cosmos incomplete without it? But that's another issue.)
This may be too big a topic to actually discuss, but I wanted to get those thoughts out of my head and into pixels.
Where does imagination come from? Is thought an emergent property of the universe?
Mozart didn't laboriously compose; he heard music in his head and turned it into a score. Michelangelo could see a neglected block of marble and grasp exactly what needed to be chipped away to achieve a staggering masterpiece. Isaac Newton was a towering genius of math and science - which fields arise from simply counting and looking. All three men were fervidly religious, but I do realize that in their eras secularism was scarcely an option.
On a more mundane level, the almost intuitive, even instinctive pastime of soccer went from being a game a dog could understand to an incredibly complicated, diverse global culture - almost a religion of its own.
If I knew enough, I could probably argue strongly that all four examples can be explained in terms of human outliers, evolving complexity, cultural imperatives, and on and on. But they all seem to me like near-miracles. So do a lot other phenomena that are much easier (for me) to see as purely human innovation building on previous innovation. Like cooking. We don't really know how that happened, although it's not hard to hypothesize. What's harder for me to understand is why humans tamed fire to begin with - and how a naked ape with no claws, teeth or fur innovated its way to dominating virtually every species on the planet. And how looking for something good to eat became a science and a passion that is evolving to this day - when all we really "need" is a few relatively simple nutrients. Humans are driven to innovate. It's a defining feature. This may be all of a qualitative piece with every other life form, but it sure looks different. (And why life, anyway? Was the cosmos incomplete without it? But that's another issue.)
This may be too big a topic to actually discuss, but I wanted to get those thoughts out of my head and into pixels.
Where does imagination come from? Is thought an emergent property of the universe?
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Consciousness from Electromagnetism?
Article on my news feed this morning:
https://www.popularmechanics.com/sci...gnetic-theory/
I’ve been fascinated with neuroscience for some time now, and I’m well familiar with the “dualism vs. materialism” arguments. I’m definitely in the materialist camp.
We may not know the exact mechanism whereby “consciousness” arises from brain activity, but it seems to be the case by all evidence.
The dualists usually hold out for “something more” but seldom if ever can explain what that might be, or simply resort to “the soul”.
This guy is maintaining that the brain creates an electromagnetic field from which consciousness arises... So (to my mind) his idea would seem to be in the materialist camp, though perhaps a bit more esoteric.
I’m not familiar with any studies demonstrating the existence of any such electromagnetic field, however..... Certainly neuron function is electrochemical, but that activity seems largely confined to the neurons themselves.
We can pick up traces of such activity using sensitive devices on the scalp.
Interesting to see what contemporary neuroscience thinks of this notion.
https://www.popularmechanics.com/sci...gnetic-theory/
I’ve been fascinated with neuroscience for some time now, and I’m well familiar with the “dualism vs. materialism” arguments. I’m definitely in the materialist camp.
We may not know the exact mechanism whereby “consciousness” arises from brain activity, but it seems to be the case by all evidence.
The dualists usually hold out for “something more” but seldom if ever can explain what that might be, or simply resort to “the soul”.
This guy is maintaining that the brain creates an electromagnetic field from which consciousness arises... So (to my mind) his idea would seem to be in the materialist camp, though perhaps a bit more esoteric.
I’m not familiar with any studies demonstrating the existence of any such electromagnetic field, however..... Certainly neuron function is electrochemical, but that activity seems largely confined to the neurons themselves.
We can pick up traces of such activity using sensitive devices on the scalp.
Interesting to see what contemporary neuroscience thinks of this notion.
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[Split Thread] SPAT guns compared - Hetzer v Marder, etc.
Quote:
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Originally Posted by HansMustermann (Post 13267393)
Lindy is right about some things, but ridiculously wrong about others. In particular about helmets he does the usual nerd idiocy of thinking that if he just heard about survivor bias, certainly nobody else did. .
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He calls the Hetzer a death trap. However what would you rather be in when the allies are coming? A Hetzer or an open topped Marder III. Both are based on the 38T. :)
(Also he is a terrible model tank maker....and that's what really matters) :thumbsup:
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mardi 27 octobre 2020
"Can I change my vote?"
So, according to the media talking heads and all the grains of salt that implies, questions of being able to change your vote are "all across social media" after comments made by Trump.
https://www.wfla.com/news/trump-enco...where-you-can/
https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/chan...ry?id=73854468
https://www.foxnews.com/politics/can...u-need-to-know
_____________________
Now obviously this is just another distracting nothingburger from Trump, hopefully a sign of desperation but as early voting hopefully becomes a more and more common occurrence I guess the question was going to pop up in some context sooner or later.
Now my opinion is this is absurd. As an informed voter if I vote early the risk of some 11th hour information getting dropped that would change my mind is just a risk I've willingly taken on. If Biden whips off a Mission Impossible style mask on TV tonight and reveals he was really Andy Kaufman the entire time... well my vote is still counted. That's just how it works.
And the potential for voter fraud is there.
But I am interested in hearing what people think.
https://www.wfla.com/news/trump-enco...where-you-can/
https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/chan...ry?id=73854468
https://www.foxnews.com/politics/can...u-need-to-know
_____________________
Now obviously this is just another distracting nothingburger from Trump, hopefully a sign of desperation but as early voting hopefully becomes a more and more common occurrence I guess the question was going to pop up in some context sooner or later.
Now my opinion is this is absurd. As an informed voter if I vote early the risk of some 11th hour information getting dropped that would change my mind is just a risk I've willingly taken on. If Biden whips off a Mission Impossible style mask on TV tonight and reveals he was really Andy Kaufman the entire time... well my vote is still counted. That's just how it works.
And the potential for voter fraud is there.
But I am interested in hearing what people think.
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Police officer who strangled his lover cleared of murder
Timothy Brehmer, a constable with Dorset Police, killed nurse Claire Parry, 41, in a pub car park on 9 May.
The two had been having a secret relationship for more than 10 years, a trial at Salisbury Crown Court heard.
Brehmer, 41, of Hordle, Hampshire, had previously admitted manslaughter and said Mrs Parry's death was an accident.
He will be sentenced at the same court on Wednesday.
Brehmer said he strangled her by accident during a "kerfuffle" in his car.
He said when Mrs Parry refused to leave his car he tried to pull her out before he "bundled" into the vehicle in an attempt to push her.
The defendant said his arm "must have slipped up in all the melee" and that he left the car without realising Mrs Parry was "poorly".
Mrs Parry, from Bournemouth, died in hospital the following day from a brain injury caused by compression of the neck.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englan...shire-54693540
The two had been having a secret relationship for more than 10 years, a trial at Salisbury Crown Court heard.
Brehmer, 41, of Hordle, Hampshire, had previously admitted manslaughter and said Mrs Parry's death was an accident.
He will be sentenced at the same court on Wednesday.
Brehmer said he strangled her by accident during a "kerfuffle" in his car.
He said when Mrs Parry refused to leave his car he tried to pull her out before he "bundled" into the vehicle in an attempt to push her.
The defendant said his arm "must have slipped up in all the melee" and that he left the car without realising Mrs Parry was "poorly".
Mrs Parry, from Bournemouth, died in hospital the following day from a brain injury caused by compression of the neck.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englan...shire-54693540
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lundi 26 octobre 2020
Tell me about KardiaMobile
There have been a lot of TV commercials recently promoting KardiaMobile, a gadget that apparently lets you conduct your own EKG by finger touch. Does it work? Would it tell me anything I need to know? Do EKG results change frequently enough to require regular monitoring, like blood pressure? Or is this just snake oil?
https://www.alivecor.com/kardiamobile
https://www.alivecor.com/kardiamobile
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U.S. jails are outsourcing medical care — and the death toll is rising
U.S. jails are outsourcing medical care — and the death toll is rising
Long article but worthwhile. It's an indictment of the privatization of prison healthcare, and of states that don't give a **** about the health and safety of human beings.
Quote:
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A Reuters data analysis finds that jails with healthcare overseen by private companies incur higher death rates on average than those with care handled by government agencies. The story of a Georgia jail that hired Corizon Health Inc reveals the hidden cost of privatized inmate healthcare. |
Quote:
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Matthew Loflin was coughing up blood, struggling to breathe and losing consciousness in his cell while awaiting trial on drug-possession charges in this historic Southern city. “I need to go to the hospital,” he told his mother in a jailhouse phone call. “I’m gonna die in here.” It was March 28, 2014, and his seven weeks at the Chatham County Detention Center had been a blur of blackouts and racing heartbeats. The jail’s senior medical staff – Dr. Charles Pugh and two well-credentialed nurses – agreed he needed hospitalization. But the move was opposed by a senior manager at their employer, Corizon Health Inc, which held a multi-million dollar contract to manage the jail’s healthcare, according to court records and former medical staff. When Loflin's X-ray showed a suspicious spot in his chest on April 7, Pugh tried another plan: He sent Loflin to a cardiologist, believing the specialist would want him hospitalized. After a quick exam, the cardiologist sent him straight to the hospital, but it was too late. Loflin, 32, deteriorated quickly, suffering irreversible brain damage. He died April 24. |
Quote:
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In the last years of Corizon’s watch from 2014 to 2016, prescription drugs went missing, patients deemed gravely ill by medical staff were denied hospitalization, mentally ill inmates went untreated and records were falsified, Reuters found. Weeks passed with no doctor on site, leaving care to nurses and video calls with doctors. The jail’s 400 mentally ill inmates, nearly a quarter of its population, were treated by a sole psychiatrist. Corizon said it put patient care first and told its staff to hospitalize inmates when needed. Yet an inmate died from a treatable heart condition after his doctor’s requests for hospitalization were denied. A guard was crippled by an inmate who hadn’t gotten her meds. Another inmate died from a blood clot in his leg 32 hours after he crawled across the floor begging to go to the hospital. |
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Why Many Americans Don't Vote
Why Many Americans Don't Vote
It's a long article with a lot of data, but to me what it boils down to is that a lot of people are idiots.
Quote:
|
The last time Richard Brown voted was in 2008. He had caught a couple of presidential debates on TV, and found himself liking what the Democratic candidate, Barack Obama, had to say. And as a Black man, he was excited by the idea of voting for the country’s first Black president. Then in 2012, he decided not to bother casting a second ballot for Obama. It wasn’t that he had soured on the president — he just didn’t think it was necessary. “He’s already in office … [so] I kinda figured he didn’t need my help,” Brown said. He was willing to take the time out of his day to cast his vote, but he didn’t think it would have an impact on the outcome. “I know it’s kind of a stupid thought, but I feel like one missed vote isn’t going to change anything.” Twelve years later, though, he’s planning to vote again. It’s not because Brown, who is now 53 and lives in the Midwest, is newly hopeful that his vote will matter. In fact, he’s not at all confident that the candidate he’s supporting, Joe Biden, will win. But the stakes of this election feel personal. Over the past four years, some of his friends have changed the way they act and talk, saying hateful things about Obama or sharing racist memes on Facebook. “I’m not even really keen on Biden,” Brown said. “It’s more so that Trump is bringing racist rhetoric out of a lot of people.” Those kinds of comments are “really hurtful to me, disrespectful to me,” he said. So he’s decided to vote again this year: “This way, if [Biden] does lose the election, I can’t say that it was my fault because I didn’t vote.” Every election, millions of Americans go through a similar thought process and, it turns out, lots of people feel like Brown: They think voting doesn’t matter or isn’t worth their time. In any given election, between 35 and 60 percent of eligible voters don’t cast a ballot. It’s not that hard to understand why. Our system doesn’t make it particularly easy to vote, and the decision to carve out a few hours to cast a ballot requires a sense of motivation that’s hard for some Americans to muster every two or four years — enthusiasm about the candidates, belief in the importance of voting itself, a sense that anything can change as the result of a single vote. “I guess I just don’t think that one person’s vote can swing an election,” said Jon Anderson, who won’t be voting for president this year because of moral objections to both candidates. |
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dimanche 25 octobre 2020
The Monsters are Due on Maple Street
This is more sociology than politics (your call).
The True Story of the Antifa Invasion of Forks, Washington
"A false report on Twitter exploded into a call to arms."
https://www.wired.com/story/antifa-s...ks-washington/
Worth a complete read.
The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_StreetWP
The True Story of the Antifa Invasion of Forks, Washington
"A false report on Twitter exploded into a call to arms."
https://www.wired.com/story/antifa-s...ks-washington/
Worth a complete read.
The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_StreetWP
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Melania Trump! Or not...
https://www.stuff.co.nz/world/americ...y-theory-again
Looks like Covid made her both happier and younger.
I imagine the FLOTUS herself arranged the double so she doesn't have to spend so much time with the fat douche she's married to.
Looks like Covid made her both happier and younger.
I imagine the FLOTUS herself arranged the double so she doesn't have to spend so much time with the fat douche she's married to.
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Pirates off the Isle of Wight
I look away from the news for an hour or two and there's pirates just off the Isle of Wight!
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-englan...shire-54684440
Quote:
|
The tanker Andromeda, owned by Greek shipping company Navios, was en route from Lagos in Nigeria to Fawley oil refinery on Southampton Water. According to a source close to the shipping company, the crew were aware of stowaways on board, but the stowaways became violent towards the crew while it was off the Isle of Wight. The crew retreated to the ship's citadel, a secure area in which they can lock themselves, making it impossible for attackers to get in. |
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Of Course Fidel Castro is Justin Trudeau’s Dad. Nobody Has ‘Debunked’ Anything
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samedi 24 octobre 2020
Southern Reach Trilogy
Searched for other relevant threads but didn't see any...
I just finished Jeff VanderMeer's Southern Reach trilogy, consisting of three novels - Annihilation, Authority and Acceptance. I really enjoyed it.
I was led to the series after watching Alex Garland's film version loosely based on the first book. I enjoyed the film, but not as much as his Ex Machina. It's visually stunning - both beautiful and horrific simultaneously. But it's a very trippy ride that raises a ton of questions but offers few answers.
The first novel, Annihilation, is much the same in that respect. It has a gothic horror/Lovecraftian dread, and it definitely leaves you wondering what the hell is going on at the end. But the second novel, Authority, adds a bit of a detective mystery combined with spy thriller element to the continuation of the story, answering some questions, but revealing deeper mysteries in the process. The overall feel is still dread and impending horror. The last novel, Acceptance, begins tying many elements of the ever more complex narrative together, with some of the strangest and creepiest parts yet. The characters are complex and interestingly flawed. Several of them develop in surprising ways, and are believable in their reactions and motivations throughout.
Garland has said he has no intention of doing any more films based on the second and third novels. Which I'm fine with, because the film is quite different from the novel in many ways, and works as a standalone horror film. But it's always going to be remembered as something that makes you wonder, "what the hell just happened?". The book series, on the other hand, leaves you with a satisfying sense of resolution, but without completely explaining away all the mysteries - without reducing something meant to be beyond human understanding to a "Colonel Mustard in the conservatory with the candlestick" wrap-up.
I just finished Jeff VanderMeer's Southern Reach trilogy, consisting of three novels - Annihilation, Authority and Acceptance. I really enjoyed it.
I was led to the series after watching Alex Garland's film version loosely based on the first book. I enjoyed the film, but not as much as his Ex Machina. It's visually stunning - both beautiful and horrific simultaneously. But it's a very trippy ride that raises a ton of questions but offers few answers.
The first novel, Annihilation, is much the same in that respect. It has a gothic horror/Lovecraftian dread, and it definitely leaves you wondering what the hell is going on at the end. But the second novel, Authority, adds a bit of a detective mystery combined with spy thriller element to the continuation of the story, answering some questions, but revealing deeper mysteries in the process. The overall feel is still dread and impending horror. The last novel, Acceptance, begins tying many elements of the ever more complex narrative together, with some of the strangest and creepiest parts yet. The characters are complex and interestingly flawed. Several of them develop in surprising ways, and are believable in their reactions and motivations throughout.
Garland has said he has no intention of doing any more films based on the second and third novels. Which I'm fine with, because the film is quite different from the novel in many ways, and works as a standalone horror film. But it's always going to be remembered as something that makes you wonder, "what the hell just happened?". The book series, on the other hand, leaves you with a satisfying sense of resolution, but without completely explaining away all the mysteries - without reducing something meant to be beyond human understanding to a "Colonel Mustard in the conservatory with the candlestick" wrap-up.
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How does the 2020 presidential election end?
Time for a final poll.
To elaborate on "shenanigans", I mean major and successful efforts to disrupt the counting of ballots, legislatures replacing Electors, etc, not the usual claims of fraud here and there.
To elaborate on "shenanigans", I mean major and successful efforts to disrupt the counting of ballots, legislatures replacing Electors, etc, not the usual claims of fraud here and there.
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vendredi 23 octobre 2020
Flying saucer and unexplored aerodynamic phenomenon
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF FLAPPING FLIGHT, NOT EXPLORED PHENOMENON IN AERODYNAMICS AND THE QUESTION OF FLYING SAUCER EFFICIENCY
http://sci-article.ru/stat.php?i=1601957819
Kandyba Pavel Yurievich
Annotation:
As a result of experiments with the motion of asymmetrically oscillating bodies in a viscous medium, it was found that the generally accepted idea of such a principle of motion is not correct. A description of the experiments and the observed effect is given, as well as its interpretation.
Abstract:
As a result of experiments with the motion of asmmetscillating bodies in a viscous medium, it was found that the generally accepted idea of such a principle of motion is not correct. A description of the experiments and the observed effect is given, as well as its interpretation.
Keywords:
aerodynamics; hydrodynamics; turbulence; vortex; experiment; flapping flight, vibrating flight, flying saucer
Introduction
The purpose of this article is to draw attention to a little-studied phenomenon in the field of aerodynamics, a more detailed study of which, in the author's opinion, will give a significant impetus to the development of the aerospace field. Now 4 basic principles of engines are used: screw; reactive; using air currents as a driving force; using light gas. All of these principles have their advantages and disadvantages, and their combination often leads to a decrease in overall performance. New types of engines, the principles of which are based on theoretical research, have not been found, and their searches have created a lot of pseudoscientific ideas. And at the same time in nature there is the most perfect form of flight, which man has not mastered to the end. This is a flapping flight, which, as the reader will be convinced, is a synthesis of the above flight methods.
Relevance
To date, research is underway in different countries of the world with the aim of using the principle of flapping flight for practical purposes. There are some robotic models that have flapping wings, but they are inferior in efficiency to classical aircraft. Their resource is significantly limited by the complexity of the design, which does not allow them to realize high power. Nevertheless, for many years there has been a technical solution to this issue that has remained on paper - vibrating flight.
Goals and objectives
The author carried out experimental work, the purpose of which was to study the method of motion in a homogeneous medium by means of asymmetric oscillations. He created mock-ups of aircraft with vibrating wings, and carried out a series of tests in which their characteristics were investigated. The author found that the results of his experiments did not correspond to the generally accepted scientific theory of the motion of such devices.
Classic description of the principle
To begin with, consider the generally accepted theories of motion in a viscous medium of asymmetrically vibrating bodies. The most famous of them is the explanation of the principle of motion of an inertion propulsion drive in a liquid:
The principle of operation of inertion propulsion drive lies in the fact that their purposeful movement is caused by the difference in the resistance force during the forward and reverse half-cycle of work. With dry friction, the resistance to slow movement exceeds the resistance to fast movement (in one half cycle, when a small force is applied, the static friction force is not overcome and the apparatus remains in place; in the reverse half cycle, the friction force is overcome, the apparatus moves). In liquids, on the contrary, resistance to fast movement prevails over resistance to slow movement. The explanation of the effect in liquids is fundamentally different (since there is no static friction force in liquids and gases) and is based on viscous friction forces.
The description of the principle of movement in air, the same as the movement of an inertioid in a liquid medium, has a vibrating flight:
To get an idea of the mechanism of the appearance of the thrust force, let us first consider the appearance of the thrust force when the plate moves in the same medium with different speeds of forward and reverse strokes.
The thrust force in different modes of forward and reverse motion in the same medium of movement arises due to the following two effects.
1) Nonlinear dependence of the resistance of the medium to the displacement of the propeller on its speed and its derivatives - even for a symmetrically executed propeller (for example, a round plate moving along the normal). Due to the different modes of forward and reverse strokes, the average resistance force will not be zero and can reach a value sufficient for the movement. When the propeller moves in a working stroke at a speed 10 times higher than the idle speed, the efficiency of the propeller, i.e. the ratio of the energy used by the mover to the energy received by the mover can reach a value approaching 90%.
2) The asymmetry of the propulsion unit relative to the plane perpendicular to the direction of motion can lead to the fact that a tractive effort arises even when the speeds of the straight about and reverse moves. This effect - the dependence of the drag on the shape of the body and with its asymmetry on the direction of motion - is well known in aerodynamics.
Experimental observation of the phenomenon
If the effect caused by the difference in resistances during symmetric oscillations of an asymmetric body does not raise any doubts, then in relation to asymmetrically oscillating symmetric bodies, the experiment shows the exact opposite of the theory - the movement occurs in the direction of a fast jerk, and not a slow one. This is clearly demonstrated by the simplest experiment: we lower a straight palm into the water, make a quick movement in one direction, slow in the other, and in the opposite movement we feel much more resistance than we would expect. The following happens - when we push the water forward, a rarefied medium forms behind the palm, and its subsequent collapse creates pressure. This is explained by the work of the forces of repulsion and attraction of water molecules, Brownian motion, which becomes directional in a catching turbulent vortex.
Thus, the classic example with a barge and a car has the following description: the ship is displaced relative to the center of mass, the resistance of the water pushes it back slightly, and then, after some time, the current caused by the displacement of the ship pushes it towards this displacement. Equally, with asymmetric vibrations of a symmetric body, and with symmetric vibrations of an asymmetric body, the movement of the medium occurs according to the same principle.
Similar phenomena are well known in aerodynamics. With a sharp descent of the helicopter, a subsequent uncontrolled loss of altitude occurs as a result of the formation of an annular vortex caused by the downward movement of the air mass, which, while descending, was pushed by the helicopter. Another example is the "cobra" maneuver, in which the fighter suddenly lifts its nose, which causes an updraft below it, allowing it to sharply slow down and seem to hover in place.
Experiments
1. Hydrodynamic testing of boat models with vibration motors.
To study the phenomenon, a mechanism was made, with a principle similar to the inertion propulsion drive of V.N. Tolchin, with the difference that the acceleration and deceleration of the pendulums was carried out not by a spring, but by magnets. In some cases, for simplicity, only one pendulum was used, and the torque was compensated by the support. First, the engine was installed on a boat with a symmetrical hydrodynamic profile, and during the experiment it was seen that its movement in the water is in the direction of fast jerks. Then the engine was installed on a boat with an asymmetric profile, more streamlined in the front and less streamlined in the rear. In this case, the asymmetry of the oscillations was eliminated. During the experiment, no obvious movement was observed, probably due to the relatively small asymmetry of the profile. Further, the vibrations were made asymmetric so that the boat made quick jerks in the direction in which the streamlining is greater, and this allowed it to move in that direction.
During the experiment, the formation of waves of different lengths, created by the vibrating hull of the boat, was observed - short weak waves propagated in the direction of movement, forward, and long stronger ones behind in the opposite direction In some cases, in particular when a boat with a symmetrical profile is moving, performing asymmetric oscillations at a high frequency, at which the wavelength is much less than the length of the boat, it was observed that the movement occurs at intervals of large oscillation frequencies. This is probably due to the accumulation of wave energy. In the immediate vicinity of the boat to the walls of the container with water, the achieved effect decreased. The hull of the boat adhered to the walls, similar to the convergence of nearby ships, which was overcome by direct repulsion of the hull from the walls. This allows us to describe this principle of movement as a wave. The formation of these waves by the example of a single jerk is as follows: with a fast jerk, a certain mass of water receives an impulse and begins to move in the direction of the impact according to the principle of an annular vortex, which is observed as a surface wave. In this case, a low pressure zone forms behind the boat, which, when filled, takes the energy of this wave in the process of flowing around, which creates turbulence. Water molecules under the action of their own forces of repulsion and attraction with acceleration rush into the zone of reduced pressure, and something like the collapse of a cavitation bubble or the explosion of a vacuum bomb occurs. The collapse energy pushes the boat from behind, and, reflected from it, forms a backward wave. Accordingly, with a slow jerk of the boat backward, as a result of these interactions, a weak forward wave is formed.
In some cases, in particular when a boat with a symmetrical profile is moving, performing asymmetric oscillations at a high frequency, at which the wavelength is much less than the length of the boat, it was observed that the movement occurs at intervals of large oscillation frequencies. This is probably due to the accumulation of wave energy. In the immediate vicinity of the boat to the walls of the container with water, the achieved effect decreased. The hull of the boat adhered to the walls, similar to the convergence of nearby ships, which was overcome by direct repulsion of the hull from the walls.
Figure: 1. Boat with an asymmetric vibration motor in motion.
2. Tests of models of vibrating flights in free fall.
To establish that the resulting motion was caused not by the differences in the heights of the surface waves, but by the difference in pressure, experiments were carried out in air. A lightweight asymmetric vibration motor was manufactured, which It was a motor with an eccentric that makes half a turn with acceleration and a half turn with a deceleration, which was carried out by a magnet rigidly attached to the body, acting on the eccentric. The engine was mounted on a disk-shaped wing with a symmetrical airfoil (Fig. 2). Difficulties in detecting the presence of engine thrust were that fixing the result with the help of weights would lead to the fact that the scales would become a fulcrum during repulsion, and, not having time to respond to changes in weight, could show its decrease as an average result even when jumping them an engine without a wing. One of the features of inercioids is that, pushing off straight and nonlinearly, they use everything that prevents their oscillations as a fulcrum. This is probably the reason for the emergence of pseudoscientific prejudices regarding this type of engine.
It was decided to test the model in free fall. But even in this case, the measurement of the falling speed turned out to be impossible for the reason that when the maximum falling speed was reached, this structure turned over or shifted relative to the vertical from the excess pressure and then fell faster. Therefore, the following test method was applied. The maximum height from which the model fell without overturning and displacement was determined (about 1.5 m), and then the model was thrown from the same height with the engine running. When the operating model fell, there was a noticeable displacement from the vertical and subsequent overturning already at a height of about 0.5 m.
The torque generated by the engine has been taken into account. To compensate for this, a similar engine with the opposite torque was not used due to the complexity of synchronization and the increase in weight. A feature of the design of the engine was its self-winding in the direction of rotation as a result of the influence of the accelerating and decelerating magnet on the eccentric. At the same time, the eccentric, approaching the magnet, accelerated, and created a fast impulse with pressure on the axis in the opposite direction, forcing the engine to spin slightly in the opposite direction of rotation, and passing by the magnet, slowed down, creating a slow reverse impulse and attracting the magnet after it, forcing the engine more noticeably scroll in the direction of rotation. This self-winding was not strong, and was largely compensated by the aerodynamic plane. In most cases, the flip direction of the model did not correspond to this torque, and depended primarily on other factors, such as accidental tilt at the beginning of the fall, curvature of the plane, uneven weight distribution and application of force.
Fig. 2. Vibrating flight model with a symmetrical aerodynamic wing profile.
Later, an improved engine with a vertical axis of rotation was made, which eliminated the overturning reactive moment, and created a gyroscopic effect to maintain the horizontal position of the model in flight. The design of the engine consisted in the fact that a rotor with magnets rotated over magnets mounted on a movable aerodynamic plane, mounted on springs. The alignment of the magnets forced them, attracting, to raise the plane. As the magnets approached, the rotor would accelerate, and slow down as the magnets moved away. Therefore, the plane moved faster up and slower down. It was not possible to completely eliminate overturning, but when the engine was turned on, the tendency to it decreased, and the tendency to horizontal displacement increased under the same experimental conditions.
To take into account the ground effect, the height of the fall was increased, and in this case, the rollover occurred approximately after passing the same distance of 1 m. Due to the lack of accurate measuring instruments, it was difficult to judge the presence of the ground effect. But, apparently, he had to exert influence, creating additional support for repulsion at a certain distance to the ground. Also, when throwing from a height of 1 m, in which the model did not have time to roll over, it was noticed that at the minimum distance from the ground, the fall sharply accelerates, probably due to a violation of air circulation.
3. Visualization of the air flow.
In order to establish that the air circulates exactly as described earlier, the following experiments were carried out. A tape was attached to the edge of the plate indicating the direction of the air flow. The plate was lifted up perpendicular to the plane, and during the ascent the tape was pulled under the plate into the turbulence zone, and after stopping the plate at the upper lifting point it took a horizontal position on the outside of the plate, parallel to its plane. This suggests that after the plate stops, an ascending air flow continues to exist under it, striking its lower part, and being reflected, distributed to the sides.
Next, a simple installation was assembled with an electromagnetic linear motor and an asymmetric aerodynamic plane in the form of a cone with a low top, making a vertical vibrations perpendicular to its plane. The installation was connected to a frequency generator. A smoke source was located under the plane, closer to its edge. The smoke naturally rose up, partially flowed around the edge of the plane, and rose further. When the installation was switched on to the mode of symmetric oscillations, the following happened: when the plane was raised, the smoke was completely drawn under it, forming a turbulent vortex, and when lowering, it was thrown out to the side horizontally, also in the form of a vortex. It should be noted that this happened only at the optimum vibration frequency, at which the amplitude was maximum. For this setup, the maximum amplitude was about 2 mm at a frequency of 18 Hertz. The diameter of the plane was about 5 cm. With a significant increase in frequency, the movement of smoke became the same as without turning on the engine, but at the same time, the presence of acoustic waves of the same length was visually observed in it both from above and below. Apparently, in order to achieve the maximum effect, it is necessary to take into account the optimal vibration mode.
Next, a single lift of the plate was studied, that is, a symmetrical airfoil completely surrounded by smoke. During the ascent of the plate perpendicular to the plane, a turbulence zone is formed under it in the form of an annular vortex with an upward flow in the center, which repeats the shape of a nuclear fungus (Fig. 3). When the plate stops at the top point, the annular vortex catches up with it and flows around it, continuing to move upward by inertia. In this case, the vortex turns into a thin ring, increasing in diameter, and eventually collapsing in the space above the plate (Fig. 4). The upward flow in the center of the vortex hits the bottom of the plate, and, being reflected to the sides, makes the vortex expand as it flows around the plate (Fig. 4). Since the plate takes energy from the moving air mass, the vortex collapses around the plate. That is, a single upward jerk of the plate perpendicular to the plane creates an air flow pushing the plate after it stops. If the reverse motion of the plate has a lower speed, and the energy of the flow created by it is less, the resulting force will be lifting.
Figure: 3 and fig. 4. Annular vortex during plate movement (left) and vortex flow around the plate after stopping (right).
Further, a single rise in the smoke of an asymmetric aerodynamic profile in the form of a hemisphere with a large streamlining in the direction of travel was studied. During the rise of the hemisphere, a process is observed, the same as the rise of the plate - an annular vortex with an upward flow resembling a mushroom. And when the hemisphere stops at the top point, the flow hitting it from below is reflected not to the sides, as in the case of the plate, but downward, which is facilitated by the shape of the hemisphere. In many ways, this resembles a jet stream flowing from a rocket nozzle. You can see these processes using the simplest experiments - dangling a mug in a bucket of water or a spoon in soup.
In addition, the movement of air during the operation of the acoustic speaker membrane was studied using smoke. Air access was only to the front side of the membrane, and to the back was limited. For the experiment, an ordinary smartphone with a sound generator and a cigarette as a source of smoke were used. When the speaker was operating in a wide range of ultrasonic frequencies, the ambient air was drawn to the speaker on the sides and fired with a jet stream from its center.
3. Testing of models of vibrating flights in flight after initial acceleration.
To explore this effect in free flight after the initial acceleration, several models were created in the form of "flying saucers" with different aerodynamic profiles and types of vibration motors (Fig. 5 and 6). In these experiments, it was not possible to obtain an accurate visual result in view of the multiple extraneous factors affecting the flight and the instability of the apparatus. Eliminating these factors would be possible under laboratory conditions.
Figure: 5 and 6. Flying saucer with a vibration motor in flight. Left: The reflection of light creates an optical effect similar to lights at the edge, probably due to vibration. Right: The blurring of the photo due to vibration creates the illusion of a distorted form.
In the course of these experiments, it was found that a "flying saucer" with a convex profile at the top, or resembling two rear halves of an aircraft wing laminar profile joined together (Fig. 7), can receive a very significant increase in lift from the wind, provided there is a force that holds in a horizontal position. Thrown like a frisbee, but with little force and a strong twist for stability, during the gusts of wind, it abruptly changed its trajectory, gaining altitude until the rotation stopped maintaining its stability. Thus, it was impossible to judge the efficiency of the engine.
Figure: 7. Flying saucer with a laminar wing profile.
To simplify the experiment and obtain a more visual result, a simple asymmetric vibration motor was installed on the flying wing glider at the center of gravity. During his work, he created fast jerks up and slow down, but the lack of the necessary conditions for the experiment did not allow obtaining an accurate result. Apparently, the operation of the engine led to pitching - the glider periodically gained altitude and slowed down.
For greater clarity of the experiment, a glider was made in the form of a wing in the shape of a crescent (Fig. 8), the center of gravity of which, and accordingly the engine, were at the very nose. Thus, the characteristics of the airframe with a small initial acceleration were similar to those of a projectile with plumage. This made it possible to aim it at a small distance with minor differences in launch conditions, since at this distance, about 5 m, it flew almost along a ballistic trajectory. As a result of these modifications, it became possible to visually observe significant changes in the flight path.
The flight trajectory with the engine on was significantly different from the trajectory of the control flight with the engine off, which far exceeded the possible launch errors. The glider covered the first 2-3 meters along the initially specified ballistic trajectory, but, as the air resistance grew, the engine began to perceive it as a support. This allowed him to push off, as if bouncing on a hard surface. As a result, the amplitude of the leading edge oscillations increased, and the engine vibration frequency decreased. A similar dependence of amplitude and frequency on resistance is also valid for the previously described hydrodynamic models and "flying saucers". (The motion of the hydrodynamic model led to a decrease in the clock rate up to the complete sticking of the pendulums opposite the magnet.)
Asymmetric oscillations of the leading edge of the wing of the crescent-shaped model led to a sharp lifting of the nose, up to reaching critical angles of attack and hovering in place, followed by falling down like a stone. If the height of the fall was sufficient, the newly increased resistance allowed the engine to start working, and the model suddenly went out of the dive. This was significantly different from the control flight along the ballistic trajectory, even with an error of several meters.
Figure: 8. A model aircraft with a vibration motor reaches a critical angle of attack.
Experimental results
The direction of motion of asymmetrically oscillating bodies in a viscous medium established in the experiment is directly opposite to the direction described in the sources known to the author. The efficiency of this principle of movement directly depends on the resistance of the medium, and increases in proportion to its growth, and if the optimal modes are observed, energy accumulation is possible. The limiting factor that makes the "perpetuum mobile" impossible in this case is the engine power, since when the critical resistance is reached, the ability to overcome it disappears.
Model of the possible cause of the formation of an annular vortex and the motion of asymmetrically vibrating bodies towards a fast jerk
Let us consider the proposed model of the occurrence of this phenomenon based on geometric patterns. Imagine a conditional homogeneous viscous medium, liquid or gas, in a state of absolute rest in the form of equidistant particles, which are in this position due to the equilibrium of the forces of attraction and repulsion between them. In a plane section, connecting these particles with conventional lines, we get a lattice consisting of equilateral triangles. This is the only structure in which the points can be equidistant (Fig. 9).
Figure: 9. Vortex model.
Suppose this lattice has a certain elasticity, which allows it to generate a force similar to the surface tension of water. This is the force of resistance of the given environment. Let's place an object in this environment. Let it be particle number one. Imagine that this object is displaced relative to its center of mass, making a single jerk along the path of least resistance between two particles numbered 2, but the force of its jerk does not exceed the force of the particle that binds together. Then it will create some tension in the lattice, which will propagate in the form of a wave, supported by the energy of the forces of repulsion and attraction of particles with a limited speed inherent in this environment. Having transmitted the impulse imparted by object 1 further, the particles will return to their original position under the action of their own forces, and, accordingly, will push the object back to its original position. Let us assume this is the resistance force that pushes back the barge with the car mentioned at the beginning.
And now suppose that the force of the jerk when the object 1 is displaced relative to the center of mass exceeds the binding force of the particles 2. Then the particles, thanks to the momentum they received, sequentially begin to move along a given trajectory, and simultaneously along the path of least resistance. If they were billiard balls, the momentum would be divided by 2 each time, and, in the end, dissipated. But if we take into account that the particles have their own energy, which makes it possible to transfer the energy of the pulse through waves, we get a chain reaction, thanks to which the pulse can travel a considerable distance without significant losses. If we lay down a logical path of impulse transmission, and enumerate each stage, we get that already at the count of 6 this impulse will return to the starting point in two ways, along trajectories resembling an eight, and will be communicated to the object that created it 1 from behind. Thus, object 1, having moved forward relative to the center of mass, will receive a force pushing it from behind.
It is worth noting that particles from behind will immediately rush into the zone of reduced pressure formed due to the displacement of object 1, since the repulsive forces of other particles will act on them. From them, the leg of the previously described mushroom is formed. Therefore, the collapse of this cavity when all the particles meet will have a certain excess energy, the manifestation of which can be observed during the explosion of a vacuum bomb.
The resulting trajectory in the form of a figure eight is consistent with the observed phenomenon - the dynamics of an annular vortex in the section. The particles alternately transfer momentum to each other and fall into a closed circle, which explains the long existence of the vortex. It is precisely the harmonious organization of chaotic Brownian motion that is the energy that feeds the vortex.
If we trace the propagation of the pulse further, we will see a pattern due to which the particles form smooth fronts. These are waves caused by a single displacement of object 1. Object 1 itself will move pushed by the particles that form a figure eight or the top of the mushroom, slowing down as their energy dissipates. This is viscous friction, thermal energy, which moves the object that has brought it out of equilibrium in the direction of this impulse. This makes us think about the meaning of the expression "everything comes back" from the standpoint of logic and common sense.
Model compliance with known phenomena
Let's consider this model using the example of the lift force of an airplane wing. It is generally accepted that the movement of a wing through the air is continuous. But we also know that this movement is always associated with vibration, which ultimately leads to flutter and the destruction of the wing. And we also know that turbulence has a rhythm of vortex formation and destruction. By the example of an aircraft overcoming the sound barrier (Fig. 10), or the outflow of a jet stream from a nozzle, one can see that the movement of gases has a rhythmic, wave character. This is due to the cyclic rarefaction and collapse of the medium. The resonance of the structure with these cycles is the cause of the vibrations that occur during the movement of the wing.
Figure: 10. Shock waves when breaking the sound barrier and cavitation as a result of filling the space behind them with air.
Having singled out one such cycle from the general rhythm, we can say that the wing with its front part imparts an impulse to the air in the forward upward direction, pushing it above itself. As a result, a region of reduced pressure is formed above the wing, the collapse of which occurs in the direction of the pulse. Due to the fact that the wing is on the path of the air rushing into the rarefaction above it, it receives an impulse directed forward upward. The laminar profile is faster because the inclination of its rear lower plane allows the impulse to collapse the cavity to push the wing in the direction of flight.
Since the rhythm of these cycles is not taken into account when the wing moves, in other words, the wing does not stop to wait for the energy that overtakes it, a significant part of it remains behind the aircraft, and can affect other aircraft. It has long been known that wedge-flying birds use this energy.
A vortex, similar to an annular vortex in the section, is also present when air flows around the wing (Fig. 11). One part of it is well known in aerodynamics. This is a vortex following at some distance from the trailing edge of the wing. The other counter-rotating part is located directly at the trailing edge of the wing, in a small turbulent zone. This part has a very small diameter, since it is compressed, and at the same time significant energy is concentrated in it, due to which the destruction of the wing at high speed begins from the trailing edge. When a compressed vortex at the trailing edge breaks off the wingtip, it expands in size and forms a turbulence zone behind the aircraft.
Between these two vortices, air moves under the wing from the space above it, as evidenced by the circulation of the boundary layer around the wing. Boundary layer air above the top surface bends around the trailing edge and enters under the wing. Therefore, the mushroom, like an annular vortex, has an asymmetric, curved arc, in which the leg is bent upward. The air injected under the wing moves against the flight in the boundary layer, and is the cause of the counterflow at the leading edge of the wing. Because of this, the stream of smoke in the aerodynamic tube seeks to bypass the wing from above to the last, even when it is displaced to the very bottom.
At critical angles of attack, when the flow stalls, the compressed vortex from the trailing edge moves into the space above the wing and increases in size. Then the flow that builds up pressure under the wing moves behind it and begins to put pressure on the upper part of the wing. In this case, the wing no longer creates lift and only provides frontal resistance to the fall.
Figure: 11. A vortex generating wing lift and stall (bottom).
The proposed model can also be considered on the example of a bird's flight. The generally accepted opinion is that a bird, with a flap of its wings, spreads its feathers and feels less air resistance, and when lowering its wings, it connects the feathers and, thus, feeling more resistance, is repelled. This statement was the basis for the famous flying umbrella aircraft built in the early 20th century. The umbrella had flaps that let air in when moving up, and closed when moving down. In accordance with the proposed model, this led to the emergence of a force pressing to the ground, which was somewhat reduced by opening the valves when the umbrella was lifted.
The principle of bird flight in accordance with this model is as follows: bird feathers on the wings have an S-shaped profile and work as vortex generators. By flapping its wings and spreading feathers, the bird not only reduces resistance, but also generates an annular vortex with an upward flow, relying on which it repels, lowering its wings. The flight of insects can be described in a similar way.
The vortex has a quasi-crystalline structure and has the properties of a solid. Thus, it is like a solid object formed from the environment that can be thrown away as a reactive mass before it collapses.
An example of a jet propulsion that is best suited for a flying saucer is the jellyfish. It is generally accepted that a jellyfish, shrinking, throws out a jet stream, and this sets it in motion. This is true, but it requires a certain addition. After the jellyfish has ejected the jet stream, it needs to refill the dome, which requires a certain amount of energy. The jellyfish takes this energy from the environment. When a jet stream is thrown out and the jellyfish begins to move forward, with its frontal resistance it creates a wave, followed by a catching ring vortex behind the jellyfish. When the energy of the jet pulse is exhausted and the jellyfish slows down, the flow in the ring vortex that has caught up with it fills it, straightening the dome. Medusa simply allows the vortex to push and flow around itself, completely repeating its shape (Fig. 12) and without making any special efforts. When the energy of the vortex is depleted, the jellyfish contracts again, starting a new cycle. We will see the same if we put an asymmetric linear motor on a very flexible plate.
A special resemblance of the jellyfish to the tested models of "flying saucers" is that it very often flips over from excessive pressure. Replacing the complex movements of the jellyfish with simple oscillations of the aerodynamic profile, we will lose its energy efficiency, but we will get the absolute simplicity and universality of the principle of movement using the environment as a jet fuel.
Figure: 12. Jellyfish repeats the shape of an annular vortex.
Output
In theory, the method of motion by asymmetric vibrations is suitable for any medium in which vortices and pressure waves can be created. According to the author, based on modern technologies, it is quite possible to build:
1) An ultralight air sailboat that will be driven by a low-power engine and held in the air like soaring birds.
2) An improved solar sail craft. In view of the fact that an asymmetric vibration motor (inertioid) has the ability to push off straight and nonlinearly, having a minimum resistance to the support, the solar wind pressure will be enough to achieve the effect.
3) A descent spacecraft with increased controllability, which will be able to use the resistance of the environment during descent for maneuvers and soft landing.
The idea of this method as a wave method indicates the probable possibility of using it in space as a vacuum jet engine. It is still too early to talk about a real flying saucer as they are presented. The difficulty lies in the fact that the strength and power characteristics required to create a full-fledged apparatus that surpasses modern jet aircraft in all respects are prohibitive. For example, the body and the moving part of such an aircraft must be 3D printed monolithic from heat-resistant and hard metal. Now such technologies are only at the initial stage of development, but you can start thinking about it today.
Figure: 13. Different models of aircraft with vibration motors.
Experiment video:
https://youtu.be/IyzIT2atqw0
https://youtu.be/aCAFfisXYa4
Bibliography:
1. Wikipedia: Inercioids [Electronic resource] - access mode: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0 ... 1%86%D0%BE% D0% B8% D0% B4% D1% 8B (date accessed: 09/07/2020)
2. Lozovsky L.A., Lozovsky A.L., Khokhlushkina F.A. The method of movement of the vehicle and the universal device "vibrating flight" for its implementation // RF Patent No. 2147786, 1998.10.08
3. Damn E. Physics for a flying saucer or quantum theory of gravitation, Physical and mathematical model of the fourth method [Electronic resource]. - access mode: http://www.ukraviaforum.com/index.php/t ... 470.0.html (date accessed: 09/06/2020)
4. Sebin AL Transformation of atmospheric heat. Physical basis of technology and indirect confirmation of its performance [Electronic resource]. - access mode: https://lenr.su/forum/index.php?threads ... acija.152/ (date of access: 09/06/2020)
5. Tolchin VN Video demonstration of the work of the inertia by the author of the invention [Electronic resource]. - access mode: (date accessed: 09/08/2020)
6. Shipov GI Personal site: experiments [Electronic resource]. - access mode: http://www.shipov.com/science.html (date accessed: 09/07/2020)
7. Sorokodum E. D. Personal site: Vortex-Oscillatory Technologies Ltd. [Electronic resource]. - access mode: http://www.vortexosc.com/index.php (date accessed: 09/08/2020)
8. Author's site: antigravity, engine, experiments with a flying saucer [Electronic resource]. - access mode: http://new-original-style.com.ua/pages/ ... engine.htm (date accessed: 09/07/2020)
A source: http://sci-article.ru/stat.php?i=1601957819
http://sci-article.ru/stat.php?i=1601957819
Kandyba Pavel Yurievich
Annotation:
As a result of experiments with the motion of asymmetrically oscillating bodies in a viscous medium, it was found that the generally accepted idea of such a principle of motion is not correct. A description of the experiments and the observed effect is given, as well as its interpretation.
Abstract:
As a result of experiments with the motion of asmmetscillating bodies in a viscous medium, it was found that the generally accepted idea of such a principle of motion is not correct. A description of the experiments and the observed effect is given, as well as its interpretation.
Keywords:
aerodynamics; hydrodynamics; turbulence; vortex; experiment; flapping flight, vibrating flight, flying saucer
Introduction
The purpose of this article is to draw attention to a little-studied phenomenon in the field of aerodynamics, a more detailed study of which, in the author's opinion, will give a significant impetus to the development of the aerospace field. Now 4 basic principles of engines are used: screw; reactive; using air currents as a driving force; using light gas. All of these principles have their advantages and disadvantages, and their combination often leads to a decrease in overall performance. New types of engines, the principles of which are based on theoretical research, have not been found, and their searches have created a lot of pseudoscientific ideas. And at the same time in nature there is the most perfect form of flight, which man has not mastered to the end. This is a flapping flight, which, as the reader will be convinced, is a synthesis of the above flight methods.
Relevance
To date, research is underway in different countries of the world with the aim of using the principle of flapping flight for practical purposes. There are some robotic models that have flapping wings, but they are inferior in efficiency to classical aircraft. Their resource is significantly limited by the complexity of the design, which does not allow them to realize high power. Nevertheless, for many years there has been a technical solution to this issue that has remained on paper - vibrating flight.
Goals and objectives
The author carried out experimental work, the purpose of which was to study the method of motion in a homogeneous medium by means of asymmetric oscillations. He created mock-ups of aircraft with vibrating wings, and carried out a series of tests in which their characteristics were investigated. The author found that the results of his experiments did not correspond to the generally accepted scientific theory of the motion of such devices.
Classic description of the principle
To begin with, consider the generally accepted theories of motion in a viscous medium of asymmetrically vibrating bodies. The most famous of them is the explanation of the principle of motion of an inertion propulsion drive in a liquid:
The principle of operation of inertion propulsion drive lies in the fact that their purposeful movement is caused by the difference in the resistance force during the forward and reverse half-cycle of work. With dry friction, the resistance to slow movement exceeds the resistance to fast movement (in one half cycle, when a small force is applied, the static friction force is not overcome and the apparatus remains in place; in the reverse half cycle, the friction force is overcome, the apparatus moves). In liquids, on the contrary, resistance to fast movement prevails over resistance to slow movement. The explanation of the effect in liquids is fundamentally different (since there is no static friction force in liquids and gases) and is based on viscous friction forces.
The description of the principle of movement in air, the same as the movement of an inertioid in a liquid medium, has a vibrating flight:
To get an idea of the mechanism of the appearance of the thrust force, let us first consider the appearance of the thrust force when the plate moves in the same medium with different speeds of forward and reverse strokes.
The thrust force in different modes of forward and reverse motion in the same medium of movement arises due to the following two effects.
1) Nonlinear dependence of the resistance of the medium to the displacement of the propeller on its speed and its derivatives - even for a symmetrically executed propeller (for example, a round plate moving along the normal). Due to the different modes of forward and reverse strokes, the average resistance force will not be zero and can reach a value sufficient for the movement. When the propeller moves in a working stroke at a speed 10 times higher than the idle speed, the efficiency of the propeller, i.e. the ratio of the energy used by the mover to the energy received by the mover can reach a value approaching 90%.
2) The asymmetry of the propulsion unit relative to the plane perpendicular to the direction of motion can lead to the fact that a tractive effort arises even when the speeds of the straight about and reverse moves. This effect - the dependence of the drag on the shape of the body and with its asymmetry on the direction of motion - is well known in aerodynamics.
Experimental observation of the phenomenon
If the effect caused by the difference in resistances during symmetric oscillations of an asymmetric body does not raise any doubts, then in relation to asymmetrically oscillating symmetric bodies, the experiment shows the exact opposite of the theory - the movement occurs in the direction of a fast jerk, and not a slow one. This is clearly demonstrated by the simplest experiment: we lower a straight palm into the water, make a quick movement in one direction, slow in the other, and in the opposite movement we feel much more resistance than we would expect. The following happens - when we push the water forward, a rarefied medium forms behind the palm, and its subsequent collapse creates pressure. This is explained by the work of the forces of repulsion and attraction of water molecules, Brownian motion, which becomes directional in a catching turbulent vortex.
Thus, the classic example with a barge and a car has the following description: the ship is displaced relative to the center of mass, the resistance of the water pushes it back slightly, and then, after some time, the current caused by the displacement of the ship pushes it towards this displacement. Equally, with asymmetric vibrations of a symmetric body, and with symmetric vibrations of an asymmetric body, the movement of the medium occurs according to the same principle.
Similar phenomena are well known in aerodynamics. With a sharp descent of the helicopter, a subsequent uncontrolled loss of altitude occurs as a result of the formation of an annular vortex caused by the downward movement of the air mass, which, while descending, was pushed by the helicopter. Another example is the "cobra" maneuver, in which the fighter suddenly lifts its nose, which causes an updraft below it, allowing it to sharply slow down and seem to hover in place.
Experiments
1. Hydrodynamic testing of boat models with vibration motors.
To study the phenomenon, a mechanism was made, with a principle similar to the inertion propulsion drive of V.N. Tolchin, with the difference that the acceleration and deceleration of the pendulums was carried out not by a spring, but by magnets. In some cases, for simplicity, only one pendulum was used, and the torque was compensated by the support. First, the engine was installed on a boat with a symmetrical hydrodynamic profile, and during the experiment it was seen that its movement in the water is in the direction of fast jerks. Then the engine was installed on a boat with an asymmetric profile, more streamlined in the front and less streamlined in the rear. In this case, the asymmetry of the oscillations was eliminated. During the experiment, no obvious movement was observed, probably due to the relatively small asymmetry of the profile. Further, the vibrations were made asymmetric so that the boat made quick jerks in the direction in which the streamlining is greater, and this allowed it to move in that direction.
During the experiment, the formation of waves of different lengths, created by the vibrating hull of the boat, was observed - short weak waves propagated in the direction of movement, forward, and long stronger ones behind in the opposite direction In some cases, in particular when a boat with a symmetrical profile is moving, performing asymmetric oscillations at a high frequency, at which the wavelength is much less than the length of the boat, it was observed that the movement occurs at intervals of large oscillation frequencies. This is probably due to the accumulation of wave energy. In the immediate vicinity of the boat to the walls of the container with water, the achieved effect decreased. The hull of the boat adhered to the walls, similar to the convergence of nearby ships, which was overcome by direct repulsion of the hull from the walls. This allows us to describe this principle of movement as a wave. The formation of these waves by the example of a single jerk is as follows: with a fast jerk, a certain mass of water receives an impulse and begins to move in the direction of the impact according to the principle of an annular vortex, which is observed as a surface wave. In this case, a low pressure zone forms behind the boat, which, when filled, takes the energy of this wave in the process of flowing around, which creates turbulence. Water molecules under the action of their own forces of repulsion and attraction with acceleration rush into the zone of reduced pressure, and something like the collapse of a cavitation bubble or the explosion of a vacuum bomb occurs. The collapse energy pushes the boat from behind, and, reflected from it, forms a backward wave. Accordingly, with a slow jerk of the boat backward, as a result of these interactions, a weak forward wave is formed.
In some cases, in particular when a boat with a symmetrical profile is moving, performing asymmetric oscillations at a high frequency, at which the wavelength is much less than the length of the boat, it was observed that the movement occurs at intervals of large oscillation frequencies. This is probably due to the accumulation of wave energy. In the immediate vicinity of the boat to the walls of the container with water, the achieved effect decreased. The hull of the boat adhered to the walls, similar to the convergence of nearby ships, which was overcome by direct repulsion of the hull from the walls.
Figure: 1. Boat with an asymmetric vibration motor in motion.
2. Tests of models of vibrating flights in free fall.
To establish that the resulting motion was caused not by the differences in the heights of the surface waves, but by the difference in pressure, experiments were carried out in air. A lightweight asymmetric vibration motor was manufactured, which It was a motor with an eccentric that makes half a turn with acceleration and a half turn with a deceleration, which was carried out by a magnet rigidly attached to the body, acting on the eccentric. The engine was mounted on a disk-shaped wing with a symmetrical airfoil (Fig. 2). Difficulties in detecting the presence of engine thrust were that fixing the result with the help of weights would lead to the fact that the scales would become a fulcrum during repulsion, and, not having time to respond to changes in weight, could show its decrease as an average result even when jumping them an engine without a wing. One of the features of inercioids is that, pushing off straight and nonlinearly, they use everything that prevents their oscillations as a fulcrum. This is probably the reason for the emergence of pseudoscientific prejudices regarding this type of engine.
It was decided to test the model in free fall. But even in this case, the measurement of the falling speed turned out to be impossible for the reason that when the maximum falling speed was reached, this structure turned over or shifted relative to the vertical from the excess pressure and then fell faster. Therefore, the following test method was applied. The maximum height from which the model fell without overturning and displacement was determined (about 1.5 m), and then the model was thrown from the same height with the engine running. When the operating model fell, there was a noticeable displacement from the vertical and subsequent overturning already at a height of about 0.5 m.
The torque generated by the engine has been taken into account. To compensate for this, a similar engine with the opposite torque was not used due to the complexity of synchronization and the increase in weight. A feature of the design of the engine was its self-winding in the direction of rotation as a result of the influence of the accelerating and decelerating magnet on the eccentric. At the same time, the eccentric, approaching the magnet, accelerated, and created a fast impulse with pressure on the axis in the opposite direction, forcing the engine to spin slightly in the opposite direction of rotation, and passing by the magnet, slowed down, creating a slow reverse impulse and attracting the magnet after it, forcing the engine more noticeably scroll in the direction of rotation. This self-winding was not strong, and was largely compensated by the aerodynamic plane. In most cases, the flip direction of the model did not correspond to this torque, and depended primarily on other factors, such as accidental tilt at the beginning of the fall, curvature of the plane, uneven weight distribution and application of force.
Fig. 2. Vibrating flight model with a symmetrical aerodynamic wing profile.
Later, an improved engine with a vertical axis of rotation was made, which eliminated the overturning reactive moment, and created a gyroscopic effect to maintain the horizontal position of the model in flight. The design of the engine consisted in the fact that a rotor with magnets rotated over magnets mounted on a movable aerodynamic plane, mounted on springs. The alignment of the magnets forced them, attracting, to raise the plane. As the magnets approached, the rotor would accelerate, and slow down as the magnets moved away. Therefore, the plane moved faster up and slower down. It was not possible to completely eliminate overturning, but when the engine was turned on, the tendency to it decreased, and the tendency to horizontal displacement increased under the same experimental conditions.
To take into account the ground effect, the height of the fall was increased, and in this case, the rollover occurred approximately after passing the same distance of 1 m. Due to the lack of accurate measuring instruments, it was difficult to judge the presence of the ground effect. But, apparently, he had to exert influence, creating additional support for repulsion at a certain distance to the ground. Also, when throwing from a height of 1 m, in which the model did not have time to roll over, it was noticed that at the minimum distance from the ground, the fall sharply accelerates, probably due to a violation of air circulation.
3. Visualization of the air flow.
In order to establish that the air circulates exactly as described earlier, the following experiments were carried out. A tape was attached to the edge of the plate indicating the direction of the air flow. The plate was lifted up perpendicular to the plane, and during the ascent the tape was pulled under the plate into the turbulence zone, and after stopping the plate at the upper lifting point it took a horizontal position on the outside of the plate, parallel to its plane. This suggests that after the plate stops, an ascending air flow continues to exist under it, striking its lower part, and being reflected, distributed to the sides.
Next, a simple installation was assembled with an electromagnetic linear motor and an asymmetric aerodynamic plane in the form of a cone with a low top, making a vertical vibrations perpendicular to its plane. The installation was connected to a frequency generator. A smoke source was located under the plane, closer to its edge. The smoke naturally rose up, partially flowed around the edge of the plane, and rose further. When the installation was switched on to the mode of symmetric oscillations, the following happened: when the plane was raised, the smoke was completely drawn under it, forming a turbulent vortex, and when lowering, it was thrown out to the side horizontally, also in the form of a vortex. It should be noted that this happened only at the optimum vibration frequency, at which the amplitude was maximum. For this setup, the maximum amplitude was about 2 mm at a frequency of 18 Hertz. The diameter of the plane was about 5 cm. With a significant increase in frequency, the movement of smoke became the same as without turning on the engine, but at the same time, the presence of acoustic waves of the same length was visually observed in it both from above and below. Apparently, in order to achieve the maximum effect, it is necessary to take into account the optimal vibration mode.
Next, a single lift of the plate was studied, that is, a symmetrical airfoil completely surrounded by smoke. During the ascent of the plate perpendicular to the plane, a turbulence zone is formed under it in the form of an annular vortex with an upward flow in the center, which repeats the shape of a nuclear fungus (Fig. 3). When the plate stops at the top point, the annular vortex catches up with it and flows around it, continuing to move upward by inertia. In this case, the vortex turns into a thin ring, increasing in diameter, and eventually collapsing in the space above the plate (Fig. 4). The upward flow in the center of the vortex hits the bottom of the plate, and, being reflected to the sides, makes the vortex expand as it flows around the plate (Fig. 4). Since the plate takes energy from the moving air mass, the vortex collapses around the plate. That is, a single upward jerk of the plate perpendicular to the plane creates an air flow pushing the plate after it stops. If the reverse motion of the plate has a lower speed, and the energy of the flow created by it is less, the resulting force will be lifting.
Figure: 3 and fig. 4. Annular vortex during plate movement (left) and vortex flow around the plate after stopping (right).
Further, a single rise in the smoke of an asymmetric aerodynamic profile in the form of a hemisphere with a large streamlining in the direction of travel was studied. During the rise of the hemisphere, a process is observed, the same as the rise of the plate - an annular vortex with an upward flow resembling a mushroom. And when the hemisphere stops at the top point, the flow hitting it from below is reflected not to the sides, as in the case of the plate, but downward, which is facilitated by the shape of the hemisphere. In many ways, this resembles a jet stream flowing from a rocket nozzle. You can see these processes using the simplest experiments - dangling a mug in a bucket of water or a spoon in soup.
In addition, the movement of air during the operation of the acoustic speaker membrane was studied using smoke. Air access was only to the front side of the membrane, and to the back was limited. For the experiment, an ordinary smartphone with a sound generator and a cigarette as a source of smoke were used. When the speaker was operating in a wide range of ultrasonic frequencies, the ambient air was drawn to the speaker on the sides and fired with a jet stream from its center.
3. Testing of models of vibrating flights in flight after initial acceleration.
To explore this effect in free flight after the initial acceleration, several models were created in the form of "flying saucers" with different aerodynamic profiles and types of vibration motors (Fig. 5 and 6). In these experiments, it was not possible to obtain an accurate visual result in view of the multiple extraneous factors affecting the flight and the instability of the apparatus. Eliminating these factors would be possible under laboratory conditions.
Figure: 5 and 6. Flying saucer with a vibration motor in flight. Left: The reflection of light creates an optical effect similar to lights at the edge, probably due to vibration. Right: The blurring of the photo due to vibration creates the illusion of a distorted form.
In the course of these experiments, it was found that a "flying saucer" with a convex profile at the top, or resembling two rear halves of an aircraft wing laminar profile joined together (Fig. 7), can receive a very significant increase in lift from the wind, provided there is a force that holds in a horizontal position. Thrown like a frisbee, but with little force and a strong twist for stability, during the gusts of wind, it abruptly changed its trajectory, gaining altitude until the rotation stopped maintaining its stability. Thus, it was impossible to judge the efficiency of the engine.
Figure: 7. Flying saucer with a laminar wing profile.
To simplify the experiment and obtain a more visual result, a simple asymmetric vibration motor was installed on the flying wing glider at the center of gravity. During his work, he created fast jerks up and slow down, but the lack of the necessary conditions for the experiment did not allow obtaining an accurate result. Apparently, the operation of the engine led to pitching - the glider periodically gained altitude and slowed down.
For greater clarity of the experiment, a glider was made in the form of a wing in the shape of a crescent (Fig. 8), the center of gravity of which, and accordingly the engine, were at the very nose. Thus, the characteristics of the airframe with a small initial acceleration were similar to those of a projectile with plumage. This made it possible to aim it at a small distance with minor differences in launch conditions, since at this distance, about 5 m, it flew almost along a ballistic trajectory. As a result of these modifications, it became possible to visually observe significant changes in the flight path.
The flight trajectory with the engine on was significantly different from the trajectory of the control flight with the engine off, which far exceeded the possible launch errors. The glider covered the first 2-3 meters along the initially specified ballistic trajectory, but, as the air resistance grew, the engine began to perceive it as a support. This allowed him to push off, as if bouncing on a hard surface. As a result, the amplitude of the leading edge oscillations increased, and the engine vibration frequency decreased. A similar dependence of amplitude and frequency on resistance is also valid for the previously described hydrodynamic models and "flying saucers". (The motion of the hydrodynamic model led to a decrease in the clock rate up to the complete sticking of the pendulums opposite the magnet.)
Asymmetric oscillations of the leading edge of the wing of the crescent-shaped model led to a sharp lifting of the nose, up to reaching critical angles of attack and hovering in place, followed by falling down like a stone. If the height of the fall was sufficient, the newly increased resistance allowed the engine to start working, and the model suddenly went out of the dive. This was significantly different from the control flight along the ballistic trajectory, even with an error of several meters.
Figure: 8. A model aircraft with a vibration motor reaches a critical angle of attack.
Experimental results
The direction of motion of asymmetrically oscillating bodies in a viscous medium established in the experiment is directly opposite to the direction described in the sources known to the author. The efficiency of this principle of movement directly depends on the resistance of the medium, and increases in proportion to its growth, and if the optimal modes are observed, energy accumulation is possible. The limiting factor that makes the "perpetuum mobile" impossible in this case is the engine power, since when the critical resistance is reached, the ability to overcome it disappears.
Model of the possible cause of the formation of an annular vortex and the motion of asymmetrically vibrating bodies towards a fast jerk
Let us consider the proposed model of the occurrence of this phenomenon based on geometric patterns. Imagine a conditional homogeneous viscous medium, liquid or gas, in a state of absolute rest in the form of equidistant particles, which are in this position due to the equilibrium of the forces of attraction and repulsion between them. In a plane section, connecting these particles with conventional lines, we get a lattice consisting of equilateral triangles. This is the only structure in which the points can be equidistant (Fig. 9).
Figure: 9. Vortex model.
Suppose this lattice has a certain elasticity, which allows it to generate a force similar to the surface tension of water. This is the force of resistance of the given environment. Let's place an object in this environment. Let it be particle number one. Imagine that this object is displaced relative to its center of mass, making a single jerk along the path of least resistance between two particles numbered 2, but the force of its jerk does not exceed the force of the particle that binds together. Then it will create some tension in the lattice, which will propagate in the form of a wave, supported by the energy of the forces of repulsion and attraction of particles with a limited speed inherent in this environment. Having transmitted the impulse imparted by object 1 further, the particles will return to their original position under the action of their own forces, and, accordingly, will push the object back to its original position. Let us assume this is the resistance force that pushes back the barge with the car mentioned at the beginning.
And now suppose that the force of the jerk when the object 1 is displaced relative to the center of mass exceeds the binding force of the particles 2. Then the particles, thanks to the momentum they received, sequentially begin to move along a given trajectory, and simultaneously along the path of least resistance. If they were billiard balls, the momentum would be divided by 2 each time, and, in the end, dissipated. But if we take into account that the particles have their own energy, which makes it possible to transfer the energy of the pulse through waves, we get a chain reaction, thanks to which the pulse can travel a considerable distance without significant losses. If we lay down a logical path of impulse transmission, and enumerate each stage, we get that already at the count of 6 this impulse will return to the starting point in two ways, along trajectories resembling an eight, and will be communicated to the object that created it 1 from behind. Thus, object 1, having moved forward relative to the center of mass, will receive a force pushing it from behind.
It is worth noting that particles from behind will immediately rush into the zone of reduced pressure formed due to the displacement of object 1, since the repulsive forces of other particles will act on them. From them, the leg of the previously described mushroom is formed. Therefore, the collapse of this cavity when all the particles meet will have a certain excess energy, the manifestation of which can be observed during the explosion of a vacuum bomb.
The resulting trajectory in the form of a figure eight is consistent with the observed phenomenon - the dynamics of an annular vortex in the section. The particles alternately transfer momentum to each other and fall into a closed circle, which explains the long existence of the vortex. It is precisely the harmonious organization of chaotic Brownian motion that is the energy that feeds the vortex.
If we trace the propagation of the pulse further, we will see a pattern due to which the particles form smooth fronts. These are waves caused by a single displacement of object 1. Object 1 itself will move pushed by the particles that form a figure eight or the top of the mushroom, slowing down as their energy dissipates. This is viscous friction, thermal energy, which moves the object that has brought it out of equilibrium in the direction of this impulse. This makes us think about the meaning of the expression "everything comes back" from the standpoint of logic and common sense.
Model compliance with known phenomena
Let's consider this model using the example of the lift force of an airplane wing. It is generally accepted that the movement of a wing through the air is continuous. But we also know that this movement is always associated with vibration, which ultimately leads to flutter and the destruction of the wing. And we also know that turbulence has a rhythm of vortex formation and destruction. By the example of an aircraft overcoming the sound barrier (Fig. 10), or the outflow of a jet stream from a nozzle, one can see that the movement of gases has a rhythmic, wave character. This is due to the cyclic rarefaction and collapse of the medium. The resonance of the structure with these cycles is the cause of the vibrations that occur during the movement of the wing.
Figure: 10. Shock waves when breaking the sound barrier and cavitation as a result of filling the space behind them with air.
Having singled out one such cycle from the general rhythm, we can say that the wing with its front part imparts an impulse to the air in the forward upward direction, pushing it above itself. As a result, a region of reduced pressure is formed above the wing, the collapse of which occurs in the direction of the pulse. Due to the fact that the wing is on the path of the air rushing into the rarefaction above it, it receives an impulse directed forward upward. The laminar profile is faster because the inclination of its rear lower plane allows the impulse to collapse the cavity to push the wing in the direction of flight.
Since the rhythm of these cycles is not taken into account when the wing moves, in other words, the wing does not stop to wait for the energy that overtakes it, a significant part of it remains behind the aircraft, and can affect other aircraft. It has long been known that wedge-flying birds use this energy.
A vortex, similar to an annular vortex in the section, is also present when air flows around the wing (Fig. 11). One part of it is well known in aerodynamics. This is a vortex following at some distance from the trailing edge of the wing. The other counter-rotating part is located directly at the trailing edge of the wing, in a small turbulent zone. This part has a very small diameter, since it is compressed, and at the same time significant energy is concentrated in it, due to which the destruction of the wing at high speed begins from the trailing edge. When a compressed vortex at the trailing edge breaks off the wingtip, it expands in size and forms a turbulence zone behind the aircraft.
Between these two vortices, air moves under the wing from the space above it, as evidenced by the circulation of the boundary layer around the wing. Boundary layer air above the top surface bends around the trailing edge and enters under the wing. Therefore, the mushroom, like an annular vortex, has an asymmetric, curved arc, in which the leg is bent upward. The air injected under the wing moves against the flight in the boundary layer, and is the cause of the counterflow at the leading edge of the wing. Because of this, the stream of smoke in the aerodynamic tube seeks to bypass the wing from above to the last, even when it is displaced to the very bottom.
At critical angles of attack, when the flow stalls, the compressed vortex from the trailing edge moves into the space above the wing and increases in size. Then the flow that builds up pressure under the wing moves behind it and begins to put pressure on the upper part of the wing. In this case, the wing no longer creates lift and only provides frontal resistance to the fall.
Figure: 11. A vortex generating wing lift and stall (bottom).
The proposed model can also be considered on the example of a bird's flight. The generally accepted opinion is that a bird, with a flap of its wings, spreads its feathers and feels less air resistance, and when lowering its wings, it connects the feathers and, thus, feeling more resistance, is repelled. This statement was the basis for the famous flying umbrella aircraft built in the early 20th century. The umbrella had flaps that let air in when moving up, and closed when moving down. In accordance with the proposed model, this led to the emergence of a force pressing to the ground, which was somewhat reduced by opening the valves when the umbrella was lifted.
The principle of bird flight in accordance with this model is as follows: bird feathers on the wings have an S-shaped profile and work as vortex generators. By flapping its wings and spreading feathers, the bird not only reduces resistance, but also generates an annular vortex with an upward flow, relying on which it repels, lowering its wings. The flight of insects can be described in a similar way.
The vortex has a quasi-crystalline structure and has the properties of a solid. Thus, it is like a solid object formed from the environment that can be thrown away as a reactive mass before it collapses.
An example of a jet propulsion that is best suited for a flying saucer is the jellyfish. It is generally accepted that a jellyfish, shrinking, throws out a jet stream, and this sets it in motion. This is true, but it requires a certain addition. After the jellyfish has ejected the jet stream, it needs to refill the dome, which requires a certain amount of energy. The jellyfish takes this energy from the environment. When a jet stream is thrown out and the jellyfish begins to move forward, with its frontal resistance it creates a wave, followed by a catching ring vortex behind the jellyfish. When the energy of the jet pulse is exhausted and the jellyfish slows down, the flow in the ring vortex that has caught up with it fills it, straightening the dome. Medusa simply allows the vortex to push and flow around itself, completely repeating its shape (Fig. 12) and without making any special efforts. When the energy of the vortex is depleted, the jellyfish contracts again, starting a new cycle. We will see the same if we put an asymmetric linear motor on a very flexible plate.
A special resemblance of the jellyfish to the tested models of "flying saucers" is that it very often flips over from excessive pressure. Replacing the complex movements of the jellyfish with simple oscillations of the aerodynamic profile, we will lose its energy efficiency, but we will get the absolute simplicity and universality of the principle of movement using the environment as a jet fuel.
Figure: 12. Jellyfish repeats the shape of an annular vortex.
Output
In theory, the method of motion by asymmetric vibrations is suitable for any medium in which vortices and pressure waves can be created. According to the author, based on modern technologies, it is quite possible to build:
1) An ultralight air sailboat that will be driven by a low-power engine and held in the air like soaring birds.
2) An improved solar sail craft. In view of the fact that an asymmetric vibration motor (inertioid) has the ability to push off straight and nonlinearly, having a minimum resistance to the support, the solar wind pressure will be enough to achieve the effect.
3) A descent spacecraft with increased controllability, which will be able to use the resistance of the environment during descent for maneuvers and soft landing.
The idea of this method as a wave method indicates the probable possibility of using it in space as a vacuum jet engine. It is still too early to talk about a real flying saucer as they are presented. The difficulty lies in the fact that the strength and power characteristics required to create a full-fledged apparatus that surpasses modern jet aircraft in all respects are prohibitive. For example, the body and the moving part of such an aircraft must be 3D printed monolithic from heat-resistant and hard metal. Now such technologies are only at the initial stage of development, but you can start thinking about it today.
Figure: 13. Different models of aircraft with vibration motors.
Experiment video:
https://youtu.be/IyzIT2atqw0
https://youtu.be/aCAFfisXYa4
Bibliography:
1. Wikipedia: Inercioids [Electronic resource] - access mode: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0 ... 1%86%D0%BE% D0% B8% D0% B4% D1% 8B (date accessed: 09/07/2020)
2. Lozovsky L.A., Lozovsky A.L., Khokhlushkina F.A. The method of movement of the vehicle and the universal device "vibrating flight" for its implementation // RF Patent No. 2147786, 1998.10.08
3. Damn E. Physics for a flying saucer or quantum theory of gravitation, Physical and mathematical model of the fourth method [Electronic resource]. - access mode: http://www.ukraviaforum.com/index.php/t ... 470.0.html (date accessed: 09/06/2020)
4. Sebin AL Transformation of atmospheric heat. Physical basis of technology and indirect confirmation of its performance [Electronic resource]. - access mode: https://lenr.su/forum/index.php?threads ... acija.152/ (date of access: 09/06/2020)
5. Tolchin VN Video demonstration of the work of the inertia by the author of the invention [Electronic resource]. - access mode: (date accessed: 09/08/2020)
6. Shipov GI Personal site: experiments [Electronic resource]. - access mode: http://www.shipov.com/science.html (date accessed: 09/07/2020)
7. Sorokodum E. D. Personal site: Vortex-Oscillatory Technologies Ltd. [Electronic resource]. - access mode: http://www.vortexosc.com/index.php (date accessed: 09/08/2020)
8. Author's site: antigravity, engine, experiments with a flying saucer [Electronic resource]. - access mode: http://new-original-style.com.ua/pages/ ... engine.htm (date accessed: 09/07/2020)
A source: http://sci-article.ru/stat.php?i=1601957819
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James Randi dead at 92.
Good morning. I didn't see a thread on this and perhaps I missed it. He was 92 and fought the good fight for critical thinking. He changed my life.
ETA If there is another thread , feel free to delete it move this post.
He earned the name "The Amazing" Randi.
ETA If there is another thread , feel free to delete it move this post.
He earned the name "The Amazing" Randi.
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jeudi 22 octobre 2020
Million euros for someone who proves the existence of a scientifically expanding spac
One million euros for someone who proves the existence of a scientifically expanding space?
Well yeah, I don't have a million euros, but I promise 888 euros to anyone who can manipulate the expanding space so that they get information about the success of the manipulation.
So now you are just developing a scientific experiment in which you are manipulating the expanding space scientifically so that you can prove scientifically that the manipulation of the expanding space is scientifically successful.
888 euros easy money 😀
Miljoona euroa sille joka todistaa tieteellisesti laajenevan avaruuden olemassa olon
No joo, eihän minulla miljoonaa euroa ole, mutta 888 euroa lupaan sille joka pystyy manipuloimaan laajenevaa avaruutta siten että saa infon manipuloinnin onnistumisesta.
Eli nyt vaan kehitätte tieteellisen kokeen jossa manipuloitte laajenevaa avaruutta tieteellisesti siten että voitte todistaa tieteellisesti että laajenevan avaruuden manipulointi onnistuu tieteellisesti.
888 euroa helppoa rahaa 😀😀😀
Well yeah, I don't have a million euros, but I promise 888 euros to anyone who can manipulate the expanding space so that they get information about the success of the manipulation.
So now you are just developing a scientific experiment in which you are manipulating the expanding space scientifically so that you can prove scientifically that the manipulation of the expanding space is scientifically successful.
888 euros easy money 😀
Miljoona euroa sille joka todistaa tieteellisesti laajenevan avaruuden olemassa olon
No joo, eihän minulla miljoonaa euroa ole, mutta 888 euroa lupaan sille joka pystyy manipuloimaan laajenevaa avaruutta siten että saa infon manipuloinnin onnistumisesta.
Eli nyt vaan kehitätte tieteellisen kokeen jossa manipuloitte laajenevaa avaruutta tieteellisesti siten että voitte todistaa tieteellisesti että laajenevan avaruuden manipulointi onnistuu tieteellisesti.
888 euroa helppoa rahaa 😀😀😀
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James Randi passes
https://web.randi.org/home/james-randi-has-died
He has contributed lots to scepticism. Feels so strange that he is gone.
He has contributed lots to scepticism. Feels so strange that he is gone.
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Various legal troubles of anti-fascists
Inspired by the other thread.
On 16/9 a total of 51 anti-fascists were arrested in Thessaloniki, Greece after having overwritten neo-nazi graffiti on some benches near a monument. A couple of days earlier members of one of the new Greek neo-nazi parties (after the judicial breakup of Golden Dawn it splintered into about a dozen groups/parties) had been spraying swastikas and other neo-nazi symbolism on the benches, and when the anti-fascists showed up to remove/overwrite these they were attacked by a bunch of police leaving 15 injured, of which 2 hospitalized. All 51 are now charged with
On 16/9 a total of 51 anti-fascists were arrested in Thessaloniki, Greece after having overwritten neo-nazi graffiti on some benches near a monument. A couple of days earlier members of one of the new Greek neo-nazi parties (after the judicial breakup of Golden Dawn it splintered into about a dozen groups/parties) had been spraying swastikas and other neo-nazi symbolism on the benches, and when the anti-fascists showed up to remove/overwrite these they were attacked by a bunch of police leaving 15 injured, of which 2 hospitalized. All 51 are now charged with
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1) Disobedience, because they refused to get their photos taken and fingerprints left; 2) Disorder to public order (this is a very common charge that is laid whenever someone protests); 3) Destruction of a public site, for the antifascist slogans they wrote to cover up those of the fascists. Apparently, for the Greek court, representing the bourgeois ′′ justice only fascist hate speech is allowed on the walls. 4) Breach of the Law on the Protection of Antiques. 5) Criminal prosecution for ′′ damage to monuments ". This claim was made through the Antique Conservative, who has no problem supporting this obscene lie, even though damaged ′′ monuments ′′ are actually benches located near the real historic monument of Salonika, the ′′ White Tower ". |
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"The Amazing Randi has died.
James Randi, The Amazing Randi, who made this forum possible has died after a long and productive life.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi
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mercredi 21 octobre 2020
Why didn't foot soldiers do this back when
I never understood why, starting as far back as it was feasible, soldiers didn't have some kind of metal plating (relatively thin I guess for mobility) that they wore under their clothes covering their mid-section (front and back)...? No guarantee obviously, but still could have saved many lives.
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James Randi, Magician and Paranormal Debunker, Dies at 92
I didn't see any other threads on this yet.
Link: https://www.thewrap.com/james-randi-...er-dies-at-92/
Link: https://www.thewrap.com/james-randi-...er-dies-at-92/
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RIP James Randi.
Just became aware of this.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/local...1be_story.html
https://www.washingtonpost.com/local...1be_story.html
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Media Manipulation: A New Source Homepage
This looks like a good ongoing source on media manipulation and conspiracy theories:
https://mediamanipulation.org/
https://mediamanipulation.org/
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James Randi dead?
Word of his alleged death comes directly from Penn Jillette via Twitter; waiting for some kind of official or media announcement.
Quote:
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Goodbye to the truly Amazing James Randi, our inspiration, mentor and dear friend. We will love you forever. @jref |
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Aliens!
"Nasa will hold a major event to announce an “exciting new discovery” about the Moon, it has said.
The space agency did not reveal details about the discovery but suggested that it “contributes to Nasa’s efforts to learn about the Moon in support of deep space exploration”.
It also said that the discovery had come from the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, or Sofia.
Because it goes above 99 per cent of the water vapour in the atmosphere, which normally obscures our view of space, the flying observatory is able to “pick up phenomenon impossible to see with visible light”, Nasa noted in its announcement."
https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world...?ocid=msedgdhp
Sounds interesting. Anyone have any idea what it might be?
The space agency did not reveal details about the discovery but suggested that it “contributes to Nasa’s efforts to learn about the Moon in support of deep space exploration”.
It also said that the discovery had come from the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, or Sofia.
Because it goes above 99 per cent of the water vapour in the atmosphere, which normally obscures our view of space, the flying observatory is able to “pick up phenomenon impossible to see with visible light”, Nasa noted in its announcement."
https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world...?ocid=msedgdhp
Sounds interesting. Anyone have any idea what it might be?
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The Face of an Early Swede: Motala Man
This news from National Geographic dated June 2020, almost passed me by. It is the reconstruction of 'Motala Man', a neolithic character who appears to have lived 7,000 years ago, making him an early returnee after the Last Glacial Maximum (about 10K - 8K years ago). You will have to click on the link to see what historians in this field think he looked like, due to copyright reasons. They have given him the (rather silly) name 'Ludwig'. He had been known as 'Motala Man' as his skull, and those of several others were excavated nearby the town of Motala in Sweden (see map) in a place called Kanaljorden, 2009 -2014.
The skulls were skewered together like a shish kofta kebab, interspersed with animal bones.
How they looked. This is interesting as it fits in with the theory of two separate sets of arrivals into Scandinavia after the Ice Age.
Take a look at the following map from wikipedia, which shows the migration of different groups of people. There is the Western Hunter Gatherers (WHG) who journied via the South through Asia Minor in green and the Eastern Hunter Gatherers (EHG) a Yamani culture thought to have come via the east and central Europe. We can see from this map, Motala Man was two-thirds WHG and one-third EHG.
It is believed by some that the LGM lasted apx 110,000 years, being an extremely thick ice sheet over the Scandinavian mountains, but he North West shelf may have been relatively ice free and to the north of it. It is thought by some that perhaps one group of early European peoples lived to the north of this and to the north west in isolation for 100,000 apart from the the other Homo sapiens who sought retreat in more southerly climes. Outnumbering the newcomers, the pale colouring became dominant over the dark-skinned southern newcomers, who strangely, also had the trait for blue eyes. I am a bit sceptical about the theory of people living so far north throughout the Ice Age but the idea seems to have some traction in some quarters. The pale blue part of the map is where the Ice Sheet was focussed.
https://journals.plos.org/plosbiolog...l.pbio.2003703
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Hunter-Gatherer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Hunter-Gatherer
Quote:
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This is the first facial reconstruction from human remains excavated about a decade ago in south-central Sweden at Kanaljorden, a curious archaeological site where, sometime around 6,000 B.C., animal and human bones had been deliberately arranged on a submerged stone platform in the center of a small lake. Kanaljorden made international headlines in 2018 when researchers published a report on the excavation, noting that wood preserved inside two of the skulls indicated that at least some of the skulls had been mounted on stakes. It was like nothing the scientists had seen before. |
Quote:
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The remains at Kanaljorden are unlike most other Scandinavian Mesolithic burials, which tend to be burials in the ground. Here, around 6,000 B.C., the crania of nine men and women were deliberately placed in the lake—perhaps all mounted on stakes—and interspersed with the jawbones (but not crania) of several local animal species, including wild boar, bear, deer, and badger. |
Quote:
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Researchers were able to obtain DNA data from six of the nine skulls, enabling them to determine the skin, hair, and eye color of individuals. Some Mesolithic Europeans likely had a darker skin tone than modern inhabitants, a fact reflected in the recent recreations of two women who lived in Scandinavia around the time of Ludvig or later. While Ludvig is light-skinned and light-eyed, DNA from a female skull that will be reconstructed next year indicates that she was blonde but darker skinned, attesting to the genetic complexity of Scandinavia at that time. |
It is believed by some that the LGM lasted apx 110,000 years, being an extremely thick ice sheet over the Scandinavian mountains, but he North West shelf may have been relatively ice free and to the north of it. It is thought by some that perhaps one group of early European peoples lived to the north of this and to the north west in isolation for 100,000 apart from the the other Homo sapiens who sought retreat in more southerly climes. Outnumbering the newcomers, the pale colouring became dominant over the dark-skinned southern newcomers, who strangely, also had the trait for blue eyes. I am a bit sceptical about the theory of people living so far north throughout the Ice Age but the idea seems to have some traction in some quarters. The pale blue part of the map is where the Ice Sheet was focussed.
https://journals.plos.org/plosbiolog...l.pbio.2003703
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Hunter-Gatherer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Hunter-Gatherer
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The ability to read and follow exam/test instructions
Quote:
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Originally Posted by Stacyhs (Post 13262058)
I think a lot of people just don't bother to read the directions very carefully and some people just don't read very well.
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ETA:
Decades of doing the Publishers Clearing House contest entry jigsaw directions has trained me well.
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Wi-Fi in and around a Metal Building
We have some land in the country. We built a metal shop that will likely be our only building for the next year or maybe longer.* We visit the area a lot and need to get cable internet service there to make such trips possible. When we do get internet the router and such will be inside the corrugated galvalume** steel building. We will often be outside the building, either on the porch or in a travel trailer or just out under the trees.
Will we get any wifi signal outside? Will we need some sort of repeater to have outside signal? Would a mesh wifi router setup work?
*Once we build a house down there I'll come back to ask about how I can get the signal from the shop over to the house 100 feet away.
**Galvalume is a coating consisting of zinc, aluminum and silicon that is used to protect a metal (primarily steel) from oxidation. It is similar to galvanizing in that it is a sacrificial metal coating which protects the base metal.
Will we get any wifi signal outside? Will we need some sort of repeater to have outside signal? Would a mesh wifi router setup work?
*Once we build a house down there I'll come back to ask about how I can get the signal from the shop over to the house 100 feet away.
**Galvalume is a coating consisting of zinc, aluminum and silicon that is used to protect a metal (primarily steel) from oxidation. It is similar to galvanizing in that it is a sacrificial metal coating which protects the base metal.
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"Borat" and Giuliani
'Nuff said.
https://www.theguardian.com/film/202...new-borat-film
https://www.theguardian.com/film/202...new-borat-film
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The reputation of Rudy Giuliani could be set for a further blow with the release of highly embarrassing footage in Sacha Baron Cohen’s follow-up to Borat. In the film, released on Friday, the former New York mayor and current personal attorney to Donald Trump is seen reaching into his trousers and apparently touching his genitals while reclining on a bed in the presence of the actor playing Borat’s daughter, who is posing as a TV journalist. |
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Trying to debug Wi-fi issues
Our setup is as follows. We have fibre to the cabinet which means that there is a fibre connection to a box in the village and then our signal goes over copper and aluminium wires for the last 2 miles or so to our house.
We have a wireless router which was provided by our ISP, one of these:
https://accessories.talktalk.co.uk/p...description/41
On a good day, with a following wind, the router will synch at 10-12 Mbps
Two devices are connected to the router by cable
- my work PC
- a device which provides a 4G signal for the house
There are two wireless networks, with the same name and password. One is 5GHz, the other is 2.4GHz. We have a range of devices, phones, tablets, Firesticks, PCs, TVs, Lightbulbs and so on which connect to the wireless network, maybe 20 in total, maximum 10-12 at any time.
The symptom we have is that several times a day, the broadband slows to a near stop, sometimes for seconds, sometimes for hours. The router does not lose its connection and Citrix sessions do not drop but no device in the house can get any useful bandwidth and we also cannot make phone calls on our mobiles (which are reliant on that signal provider).
This is true for both the devices connected to the WiFi network and my work PC which is directly connected to the router.
In the past, if the problem did not resolve in 10-20 minutes I would reboot the router which almost always meant that we had acceptable (for us) service for a while. Recently the times between reboots have been getting shorter and the frequency and length of issues have been getting worse.
I recently found that by switching off the WiFi when the problem arose, within a couple of seconds my work PC (connected by wire) had a perfectly good broadband connection and then once the WiFi was turned back on, things are fine for a few hours.
This leads me to suspect that *something* is wrong with the WiFi but I'm at a loss to be able to tell what it is. I can see the devices connected to the WiFi network but I cannot see the traffic levels.
As far as I know none of the devices are doing anything much unless we're using them but could there be some contention which is causing the router to get overwhelmed to the extent that wired connections are also blocked.
We're sufficiently remote, and the timing of the problems are such that there's no interference from neighbours' WiFi or attempts from external devices to connect.
Any suggestions for troubleshooting would be most helpful :o.
We have a wireless router which was provided by our ISP, one of these:
https://accessories.talktalk.co.uk/p...description/41
On a good day, with a following wind, the router will synch at 10-12 Mbps
Two devices are connected to the router by cable
- my work PC
- a device which provides a 4G signal for the house
There are two wireless networks, with the same name and password. One is 5GHz, the other is 2.4GHz. We have a range of devices, phones, tablets, Firesticks, PCs, TVs, Lightbulbs and so on which connect to the wireless network, maybe 20 in total, maximum 10-12 at any time.
The symptom we have is that several times a day, the broadband slows to a near stop, sometimes for seconds, sometimes for hours. The router does not lose its connection and Citrix sessions do not drop but no device in the house can get any useful bandwidth and we also cannot make phone calls on our mobiles (which are reliant on that signal provider).
This is true for both the devices connected to the WiFi network and my work PC which is directly connected to the router.
In the past, if the problem did not resolve in 10-20 minutes I would reboot the router which almost always meant that we had acceptable (for us) service for a while. Recently the times between reboots have been getting shorter and the frequency and length of issues have been getting worse.
I recently found that by switching off the WiFi when the problem arose, within a couple of seconds my work PC (connected by wire) had a perfectly good broadband connection and then once the WiFi was turned back on, things are fine for a few hours.
This leads me to suspect that *something* is wrong with the WiFi but I'm at a loss to be able to tell what it is. I can see the devices connected to the WiFi network but I cannot see the traffic levels.
As far as I know none of the devices are doing anything much unless we're using them but could there be some contention which is causing the router to get overwhelmed to the extent that wired connections are also blocked.
We're sufficiently remote, and the timing of the problems are such that there's no interference from neighbours' WiFi or attempts from external devices to connect.
Any suggestions for troubleshooting would be most helpful :o.
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MP3 player for Android?
We play music at night while sleeping. It's all from albums copied from CD or purchased from Amazon, and on the phone in MP3 format.
We've been using Google Play Music to play it, but Google has now killed off the app. I need to find something else today.
What do you guys use? Might there be something on the phone already? I just got up so haven't looked yet but will be doing so once I've had coffee! And I'll do a little further research as well, just thought you might have some ideas.
We've been using Google Play Music to play it, but Google has now killed off the app. I need to find something else today.
What do you guys use? Might there be something on the phone already? I just got up so haven't looked yet but will be doing so once I've had coffee! And I'll do a little further research as well, just thought you might have some ideas.
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How Would You Feel If I Used That Word?
Marine 2-Star Under Investigation for Racial Slur Has Been Relieved of Command
Apparently they weren't very jolted when listening to the music in question..
Quote:
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Marines were conducting physical training while listening to rap music outside the command's headquarters in Germany, Stars and Stripes reported earlier this month..... After the word was used in one of the songs, Neary asked junior Marines how they would feel if he said it, a lance corporal told the paper. Black, white and Latino Marines "were jolted when the general said the word," according to Stripes, which spoke to individuals who witnessed the event. |
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Ethical Comparisons among Phone manufacturers: Is there a gold standard?
Hi everyone, I am being shamed for using an iPhone, and I could somewhat understand why. I was pretty sure that Apple do some dodgy things, right? So I wouldn't have been surprised to hear about their unethical practices.
BUT, when I had a quick look for things such as conflict minerals, environmental impact, use of child labour or other unethical labour practices, it seemed that Apple, while not stellar, was either no worse than almost any other company (with exceptions such as Fairphone), but actually better according to some reports by Greenpeace, or Amnesty International.
That said, I was wondering if there is some kind of up-to-date industry standard of ethical comparisons between the top companies such as Apple, Huawei, Xiaomi, Samsung, etc...
Thanks for any help you could provide.
BUT, when I had a quick look for things such as conflict minerals, environmental impact, use of child labour or other unethical labour practices, it seemed that Apple, while not stellar, was either no worse than almost any other company (with exceptions such as Fairphone), but actually better according to some reports by Greenpeace, or Amnesty International.
That said, I was wondering if there is some kind of up-to-date industry standard of ethical comparisons between the top companies such as Apple, Huawei, Xiaomi, Samsung, etc...
Thanks for any help you could provide.
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