Attiyah's Blue Planet

Attiyah's Blue Planet



Abstract:



The blueness of the Earth's daytime sky is predominantly due to blue light emissions produced in the whole sunward ionosphere by the same mechanisms that generate the blue light of the classical auroras in the northern and southern auroral ovals.



Introduction:



The Earth is usually described as 'The Blue Planet'. This is due to its blue appearance as viewed from terrestrial orbits or even from lunar orbits.

Some people consider that the Earth acquired being named as 'The Blue Planet' because, from the outer space, its oceanic hydrosphere looks blue-colored. Meanwhile others attribute this to the blue hues of its atmosphere as seen from the Moon or from the outer space.

However, the blueness of the oceanic hydrosphere is ultimately considered as a reflection of the celestial blue light.



Concise Explanation:



According to the interpretation of the blueness of the sky in terms of Rayleigh scattering, the blue wavelengths of the solar beams suffer strong scattering, meanwhile the red wavelengths continue their way passing downward through the atmospheric gases such that they are only so slightly scattered. So, were this interpretation right, it necessarily turns out that along the daytime both of the bottom of the sunward clean, clear troposphere and the Earth's surface should be continuously intensely red-colored. However, on examining the photos taken for the daytime hemisphere from the outer space, one can assure that neither the bottom of the clean, clear troposphere nor the terrestrial surface, oceanic waters included, can show any degree of obvious redness. Consequently, it becomes certain that the blueness of the daytime sky couldn’t be accounted for in terms of Rayleigh scattering.

Since the photos taken for the daytime Earth's limb from the outer space show that, first, the blueness of the sky is overwhelmingly restricted to the ionosphere where Rayliegh scatterers are comparatively so scarce and, second, the atmospheric layers containing the effective abundance of Rayleigh scatteres clearly appear white rather than blue, we thus can decisively conclude that the blueness of the daytime sky is from predominantly ionosphere-produced light emissions. In other words, the blueness of the daytime sky is mainly due to the generation of blue emissions in the sunward ionosphere. No doubt, this light production is run by the same mechanisms that produce the blue light of the classical polar auroras.





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Detailed Explanation:



In case you want to be aware of the detailed explanation I refer you to the following link:



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Summary:



Adopting Rayleigh scattering for the interpretation of the blue sky and the redness of the sunset horizon necessitates two predictions:

A- That the lower layers of the atmosphere i.e. the atmospheric region encompassing the lower mesosphere, the stratosphere and the troposphere, should show the most intense blue portion of the sky as they contain the overwhelming bulk of the Rayleigh scatterers.

B- That both of the bottom part of the clean clear atmosphere, and the Earth's surface should appear intensely red.

But as the photos taken for the Earth's limb from the outer space revealed nothing to support these two predictions, it becomes evident that Rayleigh scattering couldn't account for the blueness of the sky and redness of the setting Sun. So, the blueness is not a matter of scattering blue light in the sky but, instead, it is a matter of emanating blue light in it.

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